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Proto-Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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Added sections on sound changes in borrowed vocabulary from English, Japanese and Burmese
(Added section on adaptation of English words) |
(Added sections on sound changes in borrowed vocabulary from English, Japanese and Burmese) |
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====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||
*The diphthong in English "FEAR" has monophthongised, becoming a long vowel /iː/. | *The diphthong in English "FEAR" has monophthongised, becoming a long vowel /iː/. | ||
*The monophthong in English "SEA" has diphthongised, becoming /ei/. | *The monophthong in English "SEA" has diphthongised, becoming /ei/. | ||
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*If an English stressed short monophthong was immediately followed by an obstruent (with no consonants intervening), and then either a word boundary or another vowel (which could be epenthetic) after that, then that obstruent tended to become geminated e.g. English "book" -> P.A. /bukː/, English "office" -> P.A. /ʔofːʲis/. However this sound change was not consistent across the language e.g. English "brother" -> P.A. /buɫaza/, not /buɫazːa/. | *If an English stressed short monophthong was immediately followed by an obstruent (with no consonants intervening), and then either a word boundary or another vowel (which could be epenthetic) after that, then that obstruent tended to become geminated e.g. English "book" -> P.A. /bukː/, English "office" -> P.A. /ʔofːʲis/. However this sound change was not consistent across the language e.g. English "brother" -> P.A. /buɫaza/, not /buɫazːa/. | ||
*English /t/ became /ts/ before /u/. | *English /t/ became /ts/ before /u/. | ||
===Japanese=== | |||
Quite a lot of Proto-Antarctican vocabulary also comes from Japanese. In general, these words did not need to undergo many sound changes to be compatible with Proto-Antarctican phonology, since Japanese phonology is very restrictive. However, there were a few that need mentioning: | |||
*Japanese devoiced vowels were deleted. | |||
*Japanese /ɯ/ became /u/. | |||
*Japanese /ts/ became /s/ after a long vowel or diphthong e.g. Japanese /koutsu/ - traffic -> P.A. /koːsu/. | |||
*Japanese /tts/ became /tːos/, or /tos/ after a long vowel or diphthong. | |||
*Japanese /r/ became /ɫ/, except before /i/ when it became /ʎ/. | |||
*Japanese palatalised /rʲ/ became /ʎ/. | |||
===Burmese=== | |||
Another language which had heavy influence on Japanese was Burmese. Below are the sound changes of note that happened to Burmese loanwords in the language: | |||
*Vowels and diphthongs with low (modal) tone became lengthened word finally, and are short otherwise e.g. Burmese taungban - wing -> P.A. /tãubãː/. | |||
*Vowels and diphthongs with high (breathy) tone become lengthened and followed by a voiced obstruent, usually /z/ e.g. Burmese du:gaung: - knee -> P.A. /duːzgãːuz/. | |||
*Vowels and diphthongs with the creaky tone become are lengthened. Word finally, a voiceless obstruent is inserted e.g. Burmese thi.shi. - know -> P.A. /sʲiːçiːc/ - wise | |||
*Vowels and diphthongs with the checked "tone" are pronounced short, and with whatever consonant is written in the Burmese orthography e.g. Burmese amelaik - hunt, P.A. /ʔameɫaik/. In the case of a monophthong in the last syllable of the word, the consonant is geminated e.g. Burmese naywet - ear -> P.A. /naiwetː/. | |||
*Burmese consonants are palatalised before /i/, and depalatalised before /e/ e.g. Burmese myetsi. - eye -> P.A. /metsʲit/. | |||
*Burmese /ɔ/ centralised to schwa e.g. Burmese thittaw: - forest -> P.A. /sʲitːəːt/. | |||
*If a Burmese minor syllable both begins with an obstruent and is followed by an obstruent, the vowel in the minor syllable is deleted (as long as it would not violate Proto-Antarctican phonotactics), causing a consonant cluster e.g. Burmese thei na pati. - general -> P.A. /seinaptʲiːt/ | |||
*Burmese aspirated consonants become clusters of consonant + /x/ if non-palatalised e.g. Burmese hsabin - hair (of the human head) -> P.A. /sxabʲi~/. If they are palatalised, they become clusters with /ç/ instead e.g. Burmese yanhpyit - to fight -> P.A. /jãpʲçit/ - battle. | |||
*Burmese /l/ becomes /ɫ/, unless before /i/ or /j/, when it becomes /ʎ/. | |||
*The alveo-palatal series of consonants become palatal e.g. Burmese yaukkya - man -> P.A. /jaucaː/ (remember Proto-Antarctican does not like geminated consonants after diphthongs). | |||
*Voiceless nasals become prestopped nasals e.g. Burmese hman - correct -> P.A. /pman/. | |||