Umbrean/Nouns: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:51, 13 March 2013

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→‎Declension
(Created page with "==Gender== The gender of the nouns in umbrean is not read from the acctual base form of the noun but something inherent and is semantic most of the times. Semantic gender mean...")
 
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==Declension==
==Declension==


The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through {{lg|Circumfixes|circumfixes}} which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.  
The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through {{lg|Circumfixes|circumfixes}} which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.
 
===General===
 
This declension paradigm is general and applied to nouns when uncertain of the acctual paradigm
 
 
 
:{| {{style|center}}
!Name
!Amount
|-
!Singular
|1
|-
!Paucal
|2-6
|-
!Plural
|6<
|}
 
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=5 | Vowel Circumfix
|-
!Gender→ <br> Case↓
! Mag
! Liv
! Art
! Non
|-
! Int
| rowspan=2 | (e)- -(u) || (ee)- -(ü) || colspan=2 | (yy)- -(ë)
|-
! Erg
| colspan=2 | (i)- -(oo) || rowspan=2 | (e)- -(ü)
|-
! Acc
| colspan=2 | (o)- -(a) || rowspan=2 | (e)- -(u)
|-
! Pst
| rowspan=2 | (oo)- -(y) || (ö)- -(ëë)
|-
! Ref
| colspan=3 | (ü)- -(ii)
|}
 
 
{| {{style|center}}
! Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! State→ <br> Case↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! Int
| Ø- -Ø || l- -Ø || Ø- -tw
| s- -Ø || colspan=2 | glj- -t
| ž- -Ø || žl- -Ø || dž- -l
|-
! Erg
| Ø- -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| Ø- -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! Acc
| m- -Ø || ml- -Ø || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- -Ø || ŋl- -Ø || ŋk- -l
| nn- -Ø || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! Pst
| Ø- -tš || šl- -Ø || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧØ- -Øtšwl || ǧ- -t
| Ø- -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! Ref
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|}
 
===Specific===
The acctual paradigm depends on the structure of the nouns rather than being arbitrarily decieded.
 
Subscripted 0 means original form, wether it is normal, palatalized or labialized. t<sup>w</sup> exist in the original word and is replaced by d<sub>0</sub> which would acctually be d<sup>w</sup>
 
Subscripted v means Voiced form of the original, s becomes z, f becomes v and so on, s exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with '''F<sub>v</sub>''' it would become z
 
Subscripted u means unvoiced form of the original, z becomes s, v becomes f and so on, z exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with '''F<sub>u</sub>''' it would become s
 
Subscripted m means match the voiceness of the original, z exists in the original nad it says '''f<sub>m</sub>''' it would become v, which of course that '''f<sub>m</sub>''' and '''v<sub>m</sub>''' is the same.
 
Bolded ones refer to the original letter in its entirety, P is for plosives, N is for nasals, F is for fricatives, A is for affricatives. so s in the original and then it says '''F''' would mean s is put in place of the '''F'''
 
====Prefixal====
=====Nasal=====
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=10 | Nasal <br> N{{red|V}}-
|-
! Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! State→ <br> Case↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! Int
| Ø || '''N'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø
| '''N'''s{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | Ø
| '''N'''ž{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø || Ø
|-
! Erg
| Ø || colspan=2 | Ø
| colspan=2 | '''N'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø
| Ø || '''N'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || '''N'''dzj{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Acc
| m{{red|'''V'''}} || ml{{red|'''V'''}} || mt{{red|'''V'''}}
| ŋŋ{{red|'''V'''}} || ŋl{{red|'''V'''}} || ŋk{{red|'''V'''}}
| nn{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | nl{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Pst
| Ø || Ø || '''N'''tš{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | '''N'''ǧ{{red|'''V'''}} || '''N'''ǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
| Ø || colspan=2 | '''N'''dž{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Ref
| colspan=2 | '''N'''f{{red|'''V'''}}  || Ø
| '''N'''vj{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | Ø 
| '''N'''ž{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | '''N'''ž{{red|'''V'''}}
|}
 
 
=====Plosive=====
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=11 | Plosive<br> P{{red|V}}-
|-
! colspan=2 | Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! Case↓
! State→ <br> Origin↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! rowspan=6 | Int
! p
| rowspan=6 | Ø || rowspan=6 | '''P'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=6 | Ø
| s<sub>0</sub>p{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | blj{{red|'''V'''}}
| šp{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=2 | Ø || rowspan=6 | Ø
|-
! b
| z<sub>0</sub>b{{red|'''V'''}}
| žb{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>lj{{red|'''V'''}}
| tš{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=2 | džwl{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| dž{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| sk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | g<sub>0</sub>lj{{red|'''V'''}}
| šk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=2 | Ø
|-
! g
| zg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| žg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! rowspan=6 | Erg
! p
| rowspan=6 | Ø || colspan=2 | t<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 rowspan=6 | '''P'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || kp<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| rowspan=6 | Ø || rowspan=6 | '''P'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || ts<sub>0</sub>f{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! b
| colspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| gb{{red|'''V'''}}
| dz<sub>0</sub>v{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| colspan=2 | t<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| kt<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| colspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| gd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| colspan=2 | t<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| kk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ts<sub>0</sub>ǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! g
| colspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| gg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| dz<sub>0</sub>ǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Acc
! All
| m'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø || mt{{red|'''V'''}}
| ŋ'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø || ŋk{{red|'''V'''}}
| n'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | Ø
|-
! rowspan=6 | Pst
! p
| rowspan=6 | Ø || rowspan=2 | Ø || tšf<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 rowspan=6 | ǧ'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}}
| rowspan=6 | Ø || colspan=2 | tšf<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! b
| džv{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | džv{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| tš<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}} || ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| dž<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}} || dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| rowspan=2 | Ø || tšǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | tšǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! g
| džǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | džǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! rowspan=6 | Ref
! p
| colspan=2 | fp<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}  || rowspan=6 | Ø
| fjp{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=6 | Ø
| colspan=3 | šp{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! b
| colspan=2 | vb<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| vjb{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | žb{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| colspan=2 | ft<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| fjt<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | št<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| colspan=2 | vd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| vjd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | žd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| colspan=2 | fk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| fjk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | šk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! g
| colspan=2 | vg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| vjg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | žg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|}
 
=====Fricatives=====
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=11 | Fricative<br> F{{red|V}}-
|-
! colspan=2 | Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! Case↓
! State→ <br> Origin↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Int
! f
| rowspan=7 | Ø  || f<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=7 | Ø
| sf<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=7 | Ø
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! v
| v<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| zv<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}- -
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! s
| s<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| ss<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! z
| z<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| zz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! š
| š<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| sš<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! ž
| ž<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| zž<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! ǧ
| ǧ<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| sǧ<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Erg
! f
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! v
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! s
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! z
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! š
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! ž
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! ǧ
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Acc
! f
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! v
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! s
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! z
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! š
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! ž
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! ǧ
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Pst
! f
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! v
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! s
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! z
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! š
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! ž
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! ǧ
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Ref
! f
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! v
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! s
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! z
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! š
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! ž
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! ǧ
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|}
 
====Postfixal====
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