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Brytho-Hellenic: Difference between revisions
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| | |dh | ||
|[ð] | |[ð] / [j] / [v] / [ ] | ||
|it is pronounced as ''th'' in the word ''this'' | |generally it is pronounced as ''th'' in the word ''this''; when it occurs between vowels its pronunciation can vary between [j] and [v]: generally it is [j] when the vowel that follows is '''a''', '''e''', '''i''' or '''y''', while it is [v] when the vowel that follows is '''o''' or '''u'''. Some speakers don't pronounce it at all when it comes in patterns '''o-o''', '''u-u''', '''o-u''' and '''u-o''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|e | |e | ||
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|f | |f | ||
|[f] | |[f] | ||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|g | |g | ||
|[g] / [ | |[g] / [x] / [h] | ||
|when it comes beforse or after other consonants it is pronounced [g], between vowels it is pronounced [x], even if some speakers tend to pronounce it as [h] in this position | |||
|- | |- | ||
|h | |h | ||
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|u | |u | ||
|[i] | |[i] | ||
| - | |||
|- | |||
|v | |||
|[v] | |||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|w | |w | ||
|[u] / [w] | |[u] / [w] | ||
|it is pronounced as [u] when it is followed by a consonant; it is pronounced [w] when it is preceded or followed by a vowel; when it is followed by '''l''' or '''r''' it can have either a consonantal or vocalic value, to distinguish it, it is written '''ŵ''' when it has a vocalic value | |it is pronounced as [u] when it is followed by a consonant; it is pronounced [w] when it is preceded or followed by a vowel; when it is followed by '''l''' or '''r''' it can have either a consonantal or vocalic value, to distinguish it, it is written '''ŵ''' when it has a vocalic value; in the diphthong '''wy''' it can be either the vocalic (it is written '''ŵy''') or consonantical element (it is written wŷ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|y | |y | ||
|[i] / [e] | |[i] / [e] | ||
|in monosyllabic words it is read as [i], in polysyllabic words it is read [i] if in the last syllable, otherwise [e] | |in monosyllabic words it is read as [i], in polysyllabic words it is read [i] if in the last syllable, otherwise [e]; in the diphthong '''wy''' it can be either the vocalic (it is written '''wŷ''') or consonantical element (it is written ŵy) | ||
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| | |x | ||
|h | |h | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Vocalic phonemes=== | ===Vocalic phonemes=== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Brythohellenic has got only one digraph: ''rh'' [r̥], which is rare enough. The other combinations | Brythohellenic has got only one digraph: ''rh'' [r̥], which is rare enough. The other combinations as ''dh'' and ''th'' are considered true letters. | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
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Ancient Greek has undergone deep changes during its coexistence with Latin and above all with the '''Brythonic languages'''. Two main changes have been: | Ancient Greek has undergone deep changes during its coexistence with Latin and above all with the '''Brythonic languages'''. Two main changes have been: | ||
* often the hiatus with 'i' has become a diphthong, ex.: ''σοφία'' > *''σόφια'' > ''' | * often the hiatus with 'i' has become a diphthong, ex.: ''σοφία'' > *''σόφια'' > '''hef''', "knowledge"; | ||
* almost always the last syllable has fallen, ex.: ''καινός'' > '''kaen''', "new"; ''θάνατος'' > ''' | * almost always the last syllable has fallen, ex.: ''καινός'' > '''kaen''', "new"; ''θάνατος'' > '''thanadh''', "death". | ||
These two phoenomena have influenced heavily the stress system of Brythohellenic. Nowadays the stress steadily falls on the last but one syllable: this means that in the plural forms of nouns it shifts, ex.: '''thalas''' ['θalas], "sea" > '''thalasas''' [θa'lasas], "seas"; '''aelŵr''' ['ai̯lur], "cat" > '''aelŵroe''' [ai̯'luroi̯], "cats". | These two phoenomena have influenced heavily the stress system of Brythohellenic. Nowadays the stress steadily falls on the last but one syllable: this means that in the plural forms of nouns it shifts, ex.: '''thalas''' ['θalas], "sea" > '''thalasas''' [θa'lasas], "seas"; '''aelŵr''' ['ai̯lur], "cat" > '''aelŵroe''' [ai̯'luroi̯], "cats". | ||
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===Nouns, gender and number=== | ===Nouns, gender and number=== | ||
Even if Ancient Greek had three genders and three numbers, the system simplified a lot and Modern | Even if Ancient Greek had three genders and three numbers, the system simplified a lot and Modern Elynik has got two genders - '''masculine''' and '''feminine''' - and two numbers - '''singular''' and '''plural'''. | ||
It is hard to distinguish the gender of a noun, because there are not specific gender-linked endings: mostly nouns end with consonant regardless for the gender. | It is hard to distinguish the gender of a noun, because there are not specific gender-linked endings: mostly nouns end with consonant regardless for the gender. | ||
Forming plural is not so complicated, as there are only three plural endings: | Forming plural is not so complicated, as there are only three plural endings: | ||