886
edits
Brytho-Hellenic: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Brytho-Hellenic | |name = Brytho-Hellenic | ||
|nativename = Elynik (to | |nativename = Elynik (to kæn) | ||
|pronunciation = [ɛ'le:nik 'tɔ 'kai̯n] | |pronunciation = [ɛ'le:nik 'tɔ 'kai̯n] | ||
|region = Europe | |region = Europe | ||
|states = Elas to | |states = Elas to Kæn | ||
|nation = Elas to | |nation = Elas to Kæn | ||
|speakers = 52 millions | |speakers = 52 millions | ||
|date = 2012 | |date = 2012 | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
|fam3 = Celto-Hellenic | |fam3 = Celto-Hellenic | ||
|map = Elas_mini.gif | |map = Elas_mini.gif | ||
|mapcaption = New Greece or "Elas to | |mapcaption = New Greece or "Elas to Kæn" | ||
|iso1 = el | |iso1 = el | ||
|iso2 = ely | |iso2 = ely | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
In that timeline the Persians have won the wars against Greece and the Greeks have been forced to emigrate and to flee. Firstly the Greeks find protection in Magna Graecia, but, as the Persians conquer those territories, they shift to Northern Italy, where the Romans withstand the Persian troops. In 389 b.C. Rome is destroyed and both Romans and Greeks flee to Carthage, enemy of the Persian empire. Together they try to attack the Persian fleet, but they are defeated again. | In that timeline the Persians have won the wars against Greece and the Greeks have been forced to emigrate and to flee. Firstly the Greeks find protection in Magna Graecia, but, as the Persians conquer those territories, they shift to Northern Italy, where the Romans withstand the Persian troops. In 389 b.C. Rome is destroyed and both Romans and Greeks flee to Carthage, enemy of the Persian empire. Together they try to attack the Persian fleet, but they are defeated again. | ||
In the last days of 382 b.C. an imposing expedition sails away from a harbour on the coast of New Carthage - our Cartagena in Spain. Its mission is to find new territories where they can live in peace and prosperity, far from the Persian threat. | In the last days of 382 b.C. an imposing expedition sails away from a harbour on the coast of New Carthage - our Cartagena in Spain. Its mission is to find new territories where they can live in peace and prosperity, far from the Persian threat. | ||
In 381 b.C. ''Conon the Athenian'' and his Greeks reach our '''Scilly Islands''': they have chosen to sail northward, because they had heard about legends that spoke about a fertile and grassy island in the North. It is the beginning of the ''New Greece'' or '''Elas to | In 381 b.C. ''Conon the Athenian'' and his Greeks reach our '''Scilly Islands''': they have chosen to sail northward, because they had heard about legends that spoke about a fertile and grassy island in the North. It is the beginning of the ''New Greece'' or '''Elas to Kæn''' (IPA ['ɛlas 'tɔ 'kai̯n]). | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
After the defeat against the Persians almost the entire Greek people fled towards Roman territory: Rome triplicated its population and was greekized. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes. | After the defeat against the Persians almost the entire Greek people fled towards Roman territory: Rome triplicated its population and was greekized. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes. | ||
As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of Brythohellenic contains | As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of Brythohellenic contains 25 letters: | ||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
|[a] | |[a] | ||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |||
|æ | |||
|[ai̯] | |||
|it is actually a diphthong, this letter (together with '''ø''') seems to be a Nordic loan, since in medieval manuscripts only ''ae'', ''ai'' and ''au'' are found | |||
|- | |- | ||
|b | |b | ||
| Line 96: | Line 100: | ||
|[ɔ] / [o] | |[ɔ] / [o] | ||
|it can be either open or closed, but it doesn't affect the meaning | |it can be either open or closed, but it doesn't affect the meaning | ||
|- | |||
|ø | |||
|[ɔi̯] | |||
|it is actually a diphthong, the letter (together with '''æ''') seems to be a Nordic loan, since in medieval manuscripts only ''oe'', ''oi'' and ''ou'' are found | |||
|- | |- | ||
|p | |p | ||
| Line 131: | Line 139: | ||
|y | |y | ||
|[i] / [e] | |[i] / [e] | ||
|in monosyllabic words it is read as [i], in polysyllabic words it is read [i] if in the last syllable, otherwise [e]; in the diphthong '''wy''' it can be either the vocalic (it is written ''' | |in monosyllabic words it is read as [i], in polysyllabic words it is read [i] if in the last syllable, otherwise [e]; in the diphthong '''wy''' it can be either the vocalic (it is written '''ŷw''') or consonantical element (it is written yŵ) | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 247: | Line 255: | ||
!'''Pronunciation''' | !'''Pronunciation''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | |''æ'', ''ai'', ''ay'' | ||
|[ai̯] | |[ai̯] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 271: | Line 279: | ||
|[ju] | |[ju] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |''oi'', ''oy'' | ||
|[ɔi̯] / [oi̯] | |[ɔi̯] / [oi̯] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 289: | Line 297: | ||
|[wɔ] / [wo] | |[wɔ] / [wo] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | |''ŵy'' / ''wŷ'' | ||
|[wi] / [ | |[wi] - [we] / [ui̯] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | |''ŷw'' / ''yŵ'' | ||
|[iu̯] / [ | |[iu̯] - [eu̯] / [ju] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 319: | Line 327: | ||
* '''as''', less spread and used with both masculine and feminine nouns. | * '''as''', less spread and used with both masculine and feminine nouns. | ||
Unfortunately there are also some irregularities which have to be learned by heart, ex.: the plural of '''ith''', "fish", is '''ith''w''as'''; the plural of '''gys''', "earth", is '''gae'''; the plural of '''ŵr''', "water", is ''' | Unfortunately there are also some irregularities which have to be learned by heart, ex.: the plural of '''ith''', "fish", is '''ith''w''as'''; the plural of '''gys''', "earth", is '''gae'''; the plural of '''ŵr''', "water", is '''wdhas''', and so on. Irregular nouns, however, are few. | ||
Here is a list of nouns with plural form: | Here is a list of nouns with plural form: | ||