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Lingua Philosophica: Difference between revisions
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Secondary roots are formed for the most part by adding the segments /r/ or /l/ to a primary root. The /r/ is used to indicate a meaning in some way 'opposite' to that of the primary root; the /l/ indicates a mean between the primary root and the r-root. | Secondary roots are formed for the most part by adding the segments /r/ or /l/ to a primary root. The /r/ is used to indicate a meaning in some way 'opposite' to that of the primary root; the /l/ indicates a mean between the primary root and the r-root. | ||
If a root begins with a vowel, the /r/ or /l/ becomes the initial consonant | :If a root begins with a vowel, the /r/ or /l/ becomes the initial consonant, e.g ''is'' "sea," ''ris'' "river." | ||
If the root begins with a consonant or consonant cluster, the /r/ or /l/ follows as the last consonant before the vowel, e.g. ''gomu'' "light," ''gromu'' "darkness." | :If a root ends with a vowel, the /r/ or /l/ becomes the final consonant, e.g. ''fa'' "breast," ''far'' "back." | ||
If the root begins with /s/ and /r/ is inserted after it, the cluster /sr/ becomes [ʃ]: e.g. ''sim'' good, ''shim'' bad. | :If the root begins with a consonant or consonant cluster, the /r/ or /l/ follows as the last consonant before the vowel, e.g. ''gomu'' "light," ''gromu'' "darkness." | ||
:If the root begins with /s/ and /r/ is inserted after it, the cluster /sr/ becomes [ʃ]: e.g. ''sim'' good, ''shim'' bad. | |||
===Plurals=== | ===Plurals=== | ||
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If the word is a monosyllable ending with a vowel, the consonant ''s'' is added before ''i,'' and is doubled: | If the word is a monosyllable ending with a vowel, the consonant ''s'' is added before ''i,'' and is doubled: | ||
''fʊ'' "buttock," pl. ''fʊssi'' "buttocks." | ''fʊ'' "buttock," pl. ''fʊssi'' "buttocks." | ||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are the most elaborately inflected word forms in Lingua Philosophica. They consist of a root followed by up to three slots: | |||
Slot 1 contains the suffix -r or zero. The suffix -r forms denominal, deadjectival, or causative verbs, more or less following the various senses of English "make": | |||
:''rag'' "fruit," ''ragr-'' "make fruit, produce fruit" | |||
:''pem'' "know," ''pemr-'' "make known, declare" | |||
:''skam'' "holy," ''skamr-'' "make holy" | |||
:''pon'' "love," ''ponr-'' "cause to love" | |||
Slot 2 contains either the active suffix -e or the passive suffix -o. If no further suffix follows, these are the present active and past passive participles, respectively. | |||
-o can also be used, like English -ed, to indicate the permanent possession or endowment with a thing: | |||
: ''spi'' "wing," ''spiso'' "winged, having wings" | |||