9,124
edits
Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→Strong a-stem (masculine)
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| pl. || fiš-as || fiš-a || fiš-ma || fiš-nas | | pl. || fiš-as || fiš-a || fiš-ma || fiš-nas | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====n.st.m.ma==== | |||
The sixth sub-class (''n.st.m.ma'') for roots ending in ‹m› is regular except that metathesis is blocked in the dative plural. | |||
''worms'' ‘worm’ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| sg. || worm-s || worm-is || worm-a || worm | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || worm-as || worm-a || worm-am || worm-nas | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====n.st.n.ma==== | |||
The seventh (''n.st.m.na'') is like the sixth, but for roots in ‹n›, which blocks metathesis in the accusative plural instead of the dative. | |||
''ǭns'' ‘oven’ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| sg. || ǭn-s || ǭn-is || ǭn-a || ǭn | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || ǭn-as || ǭn-a || ǭn-ma || ǭn-ans | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====n.st.n.ga==== | |||
The eighth (''n.st.m.ga'') sub-class is for those nouns in ‹g› (and, by extension, ‹ng›) which are regular except that the nominative singular mutates to ‹ǧ› because of a later consonant clustering rule; specifically, ‹gs› becomes voiced ‹gz›, ‹z› becomes semi-rhoticized ‹ž›, and a palatalization rule later shifts ‹gž› to ‹ǧ›. | |||
''daǧ'' ‘day’ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| sg. || daǧ || dag-is || dag-a || dag | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || dag-as || dag-a || dag-ma || dag-nas | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====n.st.n.da==== | |||
The final sub-class (''n.st.m.da'') is ostensibly an overlap between 08 and 03 for those roots in ‹d› preceded by a liquid (‹r› or ‹l›). After Gothic times, ‹ds› underwent the same voicing and palatalization changes as ‹g›, but also follows the voicing alternation of þ/ð. This has the effect of masculine a-stem sub-class 09 nouns having three root variants (‹ǧ›, ‹ð›, and ‹d›) rather than the usual maximum of two. | |||
''barǧ'' ‘beard’ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| sg. || barǧ || barð-is || barð-a || bard | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || barð-as || barð-a || barð-am || barð-ans | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||