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→Verbs - Smārjāmai
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* Inferential evidential: '''-(h)į + läm(e)- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämem ''/ ''pūnįlämemisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämāsmiu.'' | * Inferential evidential: '''-(h)į + läm(e)- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämem ''/ ''pūnįlämemisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämāsmiu.'' | ||
. | . | ||
==== Impersonal verbs ==== | |||
In Laceyiam there are five verbs that are impersonal — they are only conjugated in the third person singular interior and are only used in patient-trigger voice. They are: | |||
* ''gaiśuke'' (to get/be bored) | |||
* ''hältake'' (to be moved, touched) | |||
* ''mavṣake'' (to feel compassion, pity) | |||
* ''nāvtake'' (to repent, to feel remorse, to be sorry for) | |||
* ''prābake'' (to be disgusted) | |||
These verbs all have their cause in '''exessive''' case and the affected being in '''dative''' case, e.g. "I'm sorry for my mistake" is ''dønėrenėndra lulið nāvtąu'', with ''dønėrenė'' (mistake) in exessive case and ''lāli'' (I) in the dative. | |||
==== Irregular verbs ==== | |||
While Laceyiami verbs are mostly regular, there are thirteen irregular verbs which have different stems between the present and past, with the imperfect stem being one of them. Note that ''bulṭāṇama'' verbs are not considered irregular. | |||
{| class="article-table" | |||
! | |||
!Infinitive | |||
!Present stem | |||
!Past stem | |||
!Imperfect stem | |||
|- | |||
|hjøgeke (to need) | |||
|hjøg-e- | |||
|hjāji- | |||
|hjāji- | |||
|- | |||
|hvuipake (to point at) | |||
|hvuip-a- | |||
|taśiṃśȳv-a- | |||
|hvuip-a- | |||
|- | |||
|khabeke (to use) | |||
|khab-e- | |||
|tāvyv-e- | |||
|khab-e- | |||
|- | |||
|maldiake (to feel) | |||
|maldʲ-a- | |||
|tāṃlyd-e- | |||
|maldʲ-a- | |||
|- | |||
|milke (to take) | |||
|milėk-/milk- | |||
|milk- | |||
|milk- | |||
|- | |||
|peithake (to go (multidirectional)) | |||
|peith-a- | |||
|thiātn-a- | |||
|peith-a- | |||
|- | |||
|śńėgake (to say) | |||
|śńėg-a- | |||
|śńėg-a- | |||
|tyh-a- | |||
|- | |||
|välieke (to answer) | |||
|välʲ-e- | |||
|tøylʲ-e- | |||
|välʲ-e- | |||
|- | |||
|vīṇyake (to tighten, to fasten) | |||
|vīṇʲ-a- | |||
|tøvṇʲ-a- | |||
|vīṇʲ-a- | |||
|- | |||
|yeihake (to read) | |||
|yeih-a- | |||
|tāśeh-a-* | |||
|yeih-a- | |||
|- | |||
|þørðe (to go (monodirectional)) | |||
|þørð- | |||
|tvyāð- | |||
|þørð- | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
''milke'', in the present, uses ''milk-'' in the irregular first person ''milkū'' and ''milėk-'' anywhere else. The past of ''yeihake'' can nowadays also be formed irregularly, with e.g. ''yeihat'' (it was read) instead of ''tāśehar''. | |||
The past forms of ''hvuipake, khabeke, maldiake, peithake, välieke, vīṇyake, yeihake'', and ''þørðe'' use the present endings and not the past ones — similarly, the imperfect of ''śńėgake'' uses the past endings instead of the imperfect ones. | |||
==== The verb "to be" (haiske) ==== | ==== The verb "to be" (haiske) ==== | ||