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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→Strong a-stem (masculine)
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. | !width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. | ||
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|align="center"| slǣp'''az''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''is''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ai''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ą''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ōz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ǫ̂''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''amaz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''anz''' | |align="center"| slǣp'''az''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''is''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ai''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ą''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ōz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ǫ̂''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''amaz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''anz''' | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!width=150| !!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. | !width=150| !!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !! | ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a''' ||align="center"| slēp'''s ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''as ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ma ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''nas ''' || ‘''sleep''’ | |align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a''' ||align="center"| slēp'''s ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''as ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ma ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''nas ''' || ‘''sleep''’ | ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cba ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:red">bs</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:red">b</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">an</span>s''' || ‘''planet''’ | |align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cba ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:red">bs</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:red">b</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| hwer'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">an</span>s''' || ‘''planet''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic.</small> || | |colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic. Metathesis in the dative and accusative plural is also blocked.</small> || | ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cfa ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:red">fs</span>''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| wul'''<span style="color:blue">v</span><span style="color:red">an</span>s''' || ‘''wolf''’ | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=8| <small>As above, but for nouns ending in ‹f›.</small> || | |||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vda/þa ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>s''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>as''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>ma''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>nas''' || ‘''fortune''’ | |align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vda/þa ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>s''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>as''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>ma''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>nas''' || ‘''fortune''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above. For roots ending in ‹d›, it is devoiced to ‹þ› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹d› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹ð›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹þ›, the ‹þ› is voiced to ‹ð› in the same environment that ‹d› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> || | |colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above. For roots ending in ‹d›, it is devoiced to ‹þ› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹d› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹ð›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹þ›, the ‹þ› is voiced to ‹ð› in the same environment that ‹d› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> || | ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vza ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s_</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>is''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>as''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>ma ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>nas''' || ‘''spear''’ | |align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vza ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s_</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>is''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>as''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>ma ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>nas''' || ‘''spear''’ | ||