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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→a- and ō-stems
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Bpnjohnson (talk | contribs) m (→a- and ō-stems) |
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|colspan=8| <small>This is the default declension of the ō-stem paradigm. Note the assimilation of the genitive singular (from the expected “-as”).</small> | |colspan=8| <small>This is the default declension of the ō-stem paradigm. Note the assimilation of the genitive singular (from the expected “-as”).</small> | ||
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===ja- and jō-stems=== | |||
While traditionally listed as sub-classes of a- and ō-stems, the j-stem nouns differ from these in two important ways: Umlaut and Palatalization. (…more below…) | |||
====Strong ja-stem (masculine)==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" width=900 | |||
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!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type I: Default (“n.st.m.ja”)''' | |||
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|align="center"| har'''jaz''' ||align="center"| har'''jis''' ||align="center"| har'''jai''' ||align="center"| har'''ją''' ||align="center"| har'''jōz''' ||align="center"| har'''jǫ̂''' ||align="center"| har'''jamaz''' ||align="center"| har'''janz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''army''’ | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| har'''jis''' ||align="center"| har'''jis''' ||align="center"| har'''ja''' ||align="center"| har'''i''' ||align="center"| har'''jōs''' ||align="center"| har'''jē''' ||align="center"| har'''jam''' ||align="center"| har'''jans''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| h<span style="color:blue">e</span>r'''is''' ||align="center"| h<span style="color:blue">e</span>r'''is''' ||align="center"| h<span style="color:blue">e</span>r'''ia''' ||align="center"| har'''e''' ||align="center"| h<span style="color:blue">e</span>r'''is''' ||align="center"| h<span style="color:blue">e</span>r'''ia''' ||align="center"| h<span style="color:blue">e</span>r'''im''' ||align="center"| h<span style="color:blue">e</span>r'''ins''' | |||
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|colspan=8| <small></small> | |||
|- | |||
!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type II: bja (“n.st.m.bja”)''' | |||
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|align="center"| seb'''jaz''' ||align="center"| seb'''jis''' ||align="center"| seb'''jai''' ||align="center"| seb'''ją''' ||align="center"| seb'''jōz''' ||align="center"| seb'''jǫ̂''' ||align="center"| seb'''jamaz''' ||align="center"| seb'''janz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''kinsman''’ | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| sib'''jis''' ||align="center"| sib'''jis''' ||align="center"| sib'''ja''' ||align="center"| sib'''i''' ||align="center"| sib'''jōs''' ||align="center"| sib'''jē''' ||align="center"| sib'''jam''' ||align="center"| sib'''jans''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| sib'''is''' ||align="center"| sib'''is''' ||align="center"| sib'''ia''' ||align="center"| siv'''e''' ||align="center"| sib'''is''' ||align="center"| sib'''ia''' ||align="center"| sib'''im''' ||align="center"| sib'''ins''' | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=8| <small>Accusative changes to /v/…</small> | |||
|- | |||
!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIa: dja (“n.st.m.dja”)''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| d'''jaz''' ||align="center"| d'''jis''' ||align="center"| d'''jai''' ||align="center"| d'''ją''' ||align="center"| d'''jōz''' ||align="center"| d'''jǫ̂''' ||align="center"| d'''jamaz''' ||align="center"| d'''janz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘'' ''’ | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| d'''jis''' ||align="center"| d'''jis''' ||align="center"| d'''ja''' ||align="center"| d'''i''' ||align="center"| d'''jōs''' ||align="center"| d'''jē''' ||align="center"| d'''jam''' ||align="center"| d'''jans''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| ǧ'''is''' ||align="center"| ǧ'''is''' ||align="center"| ǧ'''ia''' ||align="center"| ð'''e''' ||align="center"| ǧ'''is''' ||align="center"| ǧ'''ia''' ||align="center"| ǧ'''im''' ||align="center"| ǧ'''ins''' | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=8| <small>Accusative changes to /ð/…</small> | |||
|- | |||
!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIb: gja (“n.st.m.gja”)''' | |||
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|align="center"| sag'''jaz''' ||align="center"| sag'''jis''' ||align="center"| sag'''jai''' ||align="center"| sag'''ją''' ||align="center"| sag'''jōz''' ||align="center"| sag'''jǫ̂''' ||align="center"| sag'''jamaz''' ||align="center"| sag'''janz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''messenger''’ | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| sag'''jis''' ||align="center"| sag'''jis''' ||align="center"| sag'''ja''' ||align="center"| sag'''i''' ||align="center"| sag'''jōs''' ||align="center"| sag'''jē''' ||align="center"| sag'''jam''' ||align="center"| sag'''jans''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| s<span style="color:blue">e</span>ǧ'''is''' ||align="center"| s<span style="color:blue">e</span>ǧ'''is''' ||align="center"| s<span style="color:blue">e</span>ǧ'''ia''' ||align="center"| sag'''e''' ||align="center"| s<span style="color:blue">e</span>ǧ'''is''' ||align="center"| s<span style="color:blue">e</span>ǧ'''ia''' ||align="center"| s<span style="color:blue">e</span>ǧ'''im''' ||align="center"| s<span style="color:blue">e</span>ǧ'''ins''' | |||
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|colspan=8| <small>Accusative changes to /g/…</small> | |||
|- | |||
!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIc: tja (“n.st.m.tja”)''' | |||
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|align="center"| t'''jaz''' ||align="center"| t'''jis''' ||align="center"| t'''jai''' ||align="center"| t'''ją''' ||align="center"| t'''jōz''' ||align="center"| t'''jǫ̂''' ||align="center"| t'''jamaz''' ||align="center"| t'''janz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''army''’ | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| t'''jis''' ||align="center"| t'''jis''' ||align="center"| t'''ja''' ||align="center"| t'''i''' ||align="center"| t'''jōs''' ||align="center"| t'''jē''' ||align="center"| t'''jam''' ||align="center"| t'''jans''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| č'''is''' ||align="center"| č'''is''' ||align="center"| č'''ia''' ||align="center"| t'''e''' ||align="center"| č'''is''' ||align="center"| č'''ia''' ||align="center"| č'''im''' ||align="center"| č'''ins''' | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=8| <small>Accusative changes to /t/…</small> | |||
|- | |||
!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIId: kja (“n.st.m.kja”)''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| k'''jaz''' ||align="center"| k'''jis''' ||align="center"| k'''jai''' ||align="center"| k'''ją''' ||align="center"| k'''jōz''' ||align="center"| k'''jǫ̂''' ||align="center"| k'''jamaz''' ||align="center"| k'''janz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''army''’ | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| k'''jis''' ||align="center"| k'''jis''' ||align="center"| k'''ja''' ||align="center"| k'''i''' ||align="center"| k'''jōs''' ||align="center"| k'''jē''' ||align="center"| k'''jam''' ||align="center"| k'''jans''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| č'''is''' ||align="center"| č'''is''' ||align="center"| č'''ia''' ||align="center"| k'''e''' ||align="center"| č'''is''' ||align="center"| č'''ia''' ||align="center"| č'''im''' ||align="center"| č'''ins''' | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=8| <small>Accusative changes to /k/…</small> | |||
|- | |||
!width=100| Nom.Sg. !!width=100| Gen.Sg. !!width=100| Dat.Sg. !!width=100| Acc.Sg. !!width=100| Nom.Pl. !!width=100| Gen.Pl. !!width=100| Dat.Pl. !!width=100| Acc.Pl. !!width=100| | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIe: sja (“n.st.m.sja”)''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| s'''jaz''' ||align="center"| s'''jis''' ||align="center"| s'''jai''' ||align="center"| s'''ją''' ||align="center"| s'''jōz''' ||align="center"| s'''jǫ̂''' ||align="center"| s'''jamaz''' ||align="center"| s'''janz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''army''’ | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| s'''jis''' ||align="center"| s'''jis''' ||align="center"| s'''ja''' ||align="center"| s'''i''' ||align="center"| s'''jōs''' ||align="center"| s'''jē''' ||align="center"| s'''jam''' ||align="center"| s'''jans''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"| š'''is''' ||align="center"| š'''is''' ||align="center"| š'''ia''' ||align="center"| s'''e''' ||align="center"| š'''is''' ||align="center"| š'''ia''' ||align="center"| š'''im''' ||align="center"| š'''ins''' | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=8| <small>Accusative changes to /s/…</small> | |||
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|} | |} | ||