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Gothedish: Difference between revisions
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!width= | !width=100| <center>Latin (Lateinske)</center> !!width=100| <center> IPA </center>!!width=100| <center> Dialectal variants </center> !!width=100| <center>Arabic (Arabske) </center> !!width=100| <center>Old Gothic (Aldgutske)</center> !!width=100| <center>New Gothic (Neygutske)</center> !!| <center>Examples</center> | ||
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| <center>A a</center> || <center>ʌ, ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــَـ ، ــَا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰</center> || <center>A a, Ā ā</center> | | <center>A a</center> || <center>ʌ, ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــَـ ، ــَا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰</center> || <center>A a, Ā ā</center> || <center> <i>h'''a'''nd</i> /hʌnt/ "hand", <i>'''a'''pel</i> /ɑːpl̩/ "apple" </center> | ||
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| <center>Á á</center> || <center>ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ــَا</center></big></big> || <center>Ā ā</center> | | <center>Á á; Â â</center> || <center>ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ــَا</center></big></big> || <center>Ā ā; Â â</center> || <center> <i>h'''á'''bde</i> /hɑbdə/, <i>h'''â'''de</i> /hɑːdə/ "had"</center> | ||
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| <center>Ä ä</center> || <center>æ, ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌹</center> || <center>Ai ai, Āi āi</center> | | <center>Ä ä</center> || <center>æ, ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌹</center> || <center>Ai ai, Āi āi</center> || | ||
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| <center>Ea ea</center> || <center>ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٰا</center></big></big> || <center>Āi āi</center> | | <center>Ea ea; Êa êa</center> || <center>ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٰا</center></big></big> || <center>Āi āi; Âi âi</center> || | ||
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| <center>Å å</center> || <center>ɒ, ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɔ, o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٝـ ، ــٝا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌿</center> || <center>An an, Ān ān</center> | | <center>Å å</center> || <center>ɒ, ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɔ, o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٝـ ، ــٝا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌿</center> || <center>An an, Ān ān</center> || | ||
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| <center>Oa oa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān</center> | | <center>Oa oa; Ôa ôa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān; Ân ân</center> || | ||
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| <center>B b</center> || <center>b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small></center> || <center><small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center>ب ، ف </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱</center> || <center>B b</center> | | <center>B b</center> || <center>b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small></center> || <center><small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center>ب ، ف </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱</center> || <center>B b</center> | ||
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| <center>ə<sup>4</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ــَـ ، ــِـ</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌰</center> || <center>Ă ă</center> | | <center>ə<sup>4</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ــَـ ، ــِـ</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌰</center> || <center>Ă ă</center> | ||
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| <center>É é</center> || <center>e(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>je(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٖا</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌴</center> || <center>Ē ē</center> | | <center>É é; Ê ê</center> || <center>e(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>je(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٖا</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌴</center> || <center>Ē ē; Ê ê</center> | ||
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| <center>Ei ei</center> || <center>ɛɪ̯</center> || <center>aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː</center> || <big><big><center> ــَيْ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌴𐌹</center> || <center>Ei ei</center> | | <center>Ei ei</center> || <center>ɛɪ̯</center> || <center>aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː</center> || <big><big><center> ــَيْ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌴𐌹</center> || <center>Ei ei</center> | ||
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| <center>Gj gj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ</center> || <center><small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center> ج</center></big></big> || <center>𐌲𐌾</center> || <center>Гg rg</center> | | <center>Gj gj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ</center> || <center><small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center> ج</center></big></big> || <center>𐌲𐌾</center> || <center>Гg rg</center> | ||
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| <center>H h</center> || <center>h, Ø<small><sup>6</sup></small></center> || <center>x</center> || <big><big><center> هـ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌷</center> || <center>Һ h</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Hj hj</center> || <center>ʃ</center> || <center>ç</center> || <big><big><center> ش</center></big></big> || <center>𐌷𐌾</center> || <center>Һg hg</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>I i</center> || <center>ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــِـ ، ــِي</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌹</center> || <center>I i, Ī ī</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Í í; Î î</center> || <center>i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ــِي</center></big></big> || <center>Ī ī; Î î</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Ie ie</center> || <center>i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>iə</center> || <big><big><center> ــِي</center></big></big> || <center>𐌹𐌰</center> || <center>Iă iă</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>J j</center> || <center>j</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ي</center></big></big> || <center>𐌾</center> || <center>G g</center> | |||
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|} | |} | ||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules. Note that distinction between long and short vowels is more of a difference in quality rather than duration. | <small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. The circumflexed long forms are used when a letter (usually "b") has been dropped. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules. Note that distinction between long and short vowels is more of a difference in quality rather than duration, with "long" vowels generally being lengthened in stressed, open syllables and shortened otherwise. | ||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> <small>V</small> = vowel; <small>C</small> = consonant; <small>N</small> = nasal; <small>NN</small> = non-nasal; <small>FV</small> = front vowel | <small><sup>2</sup></small> <small>V</small> = vowel; <small>C</small> = consonant; <small>N</small> = nasal; <small>NN</small> = non-nasal; <small>FV</small> = front vowel | ||
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<small><sup>5</sup></small> "K", "sk", and "g" are palatalized before front vowels (ä, e, i, ö, y, and digraphs beginning in them) and, in the case of "g", after "i", "ei", and "oi". Note that unstressed "e" (/ə/) does not cause palatalization. To prevent palatalization, they may be written with an "h" after (i.e. "kh", "skh", and "gh"). | <small><sup>5</sup></small> "K", "sk", and "g" are palatalized before front vowels (ä, e, i, ö, y, and digraphs beginning in them) and, in the case of "g", after "i", "ei", and "oi". Note that unstressed "e" (/ə/) does not cause palatalization. To prevent palatalization, they may be written with an "h" after (i.e. "kh", "skh", and "gh"). | ||
<small><sup>6</sup></small> Lengthens preceding vowel, even if an intervening consonant is present. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||