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→Locative / Instrumentalis / Essive
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To form a sentence indicating an object / person location, e.g. "The boy '''is''' in the house", Cha speakers would use the verb ''nae / ná'' (vi: "be located", vt: "put"): ''Nunmen nae né huo''. One can also say ''Nunmen né hue'', using the root ''ne'' as a verb with meaning "be inside". | To form a sentence indicating an object / person location, e.g. "The boy '''is''' in the house", Cha speakers would use the verb ''nae / ná'' (vi: "be located", vt: "put"): ''Nunmen nae né huo''. One can also say ''Nunmen né hue'', using the root ''ne'' as a verb with meaning "be inside". | ||
When used as Instrumentalis, the same form indicates a tool or object with which an action is done. This usage usually translates into English with the help of preposition "with", although not always: ''Nunmen kae | When used as Instrumentalis, the same form indicates a tool or object with which an action is done. This usage usually translates into English with the help of preposition "with", although not always: ''Nunmen kae lodane rurixo-lodaneolae'' (This boy plays a violin). In Da, it is interchangeable with a phrase that includes the word ''lai'' (using): ''Damen tala saraotutirhonu seorure'' (The master beats the dog '''with''' a stick) can be said as ''Tyamen tala saraotutirhonu lai seoruru'' (The master beats the dog '''using''' a stick). | ||
Finally, this case can be used as the verb of a sentence to express the "is the" relationship (Essive): Ku mene du síxao sorsunoté! -- You are the man I saw yesterday! | Finally, this case can be used as the verb of a sentence to express the "is the" relationship (Essive): Ku mene du síxao sorsunoté! -- You are the man I saw yesterday! | ||