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*''ha'' is used in the negative imperative. e.g. ''ha bixin'' "don't leave". | *''ha'' is used in the negative imperative. e.g. ''ha bixin'' "don't leave". | ||
*''ya'' is used to negate the jussive. e.g. ''ya usan bixin'' "don't let him leave". Like ''ma'', ''ya'' can combine with clitic subjects. e.g. ''yawsan bixin''. | *''ya'' is used to negate the jussive. e.g. ''ya usan bixin'' "don't let him leave". Like ''ma'', ''ya'' can combine with clitic subjects. e.g. ''yawsan bixin''. | ||
====Focus Particles==== | |||
Focus particles are used with verbs. They are ''waa'' and ''waxa'', as well as their interrogative equivalents (more may be added later). | |||
*''waa'' optionally precedes a main affirmative verb. It is used to indicate that the verb is NOT being used as an adjectivally. | |||
:e.g. ''ninki bixi'' "the man left" OR "the man who left"; ''ninki <b>waa</b> bixi'' "the man left" | |||
::''minki cad'' "the house is white" OR "the white house"; ''minki <b>waa</b> cad'' "the house is white" (equivalent to ''minki cadyaha'') | |||
:*The interrogative equivalent of ''waa'' is ''maa''. | |||
:*''waa'' and ''maa'' can combine to clitic subjects as follows: | |||
::*''waa'' + ''an'' → ''waan'' | |||
::*''waa'' + ''ad'' → ''waad'' | |||
::*''waa'' + ''us'' → ''woos'' | |||
::*''waa'' + ''ish'' → ''weesh'' | |||
::*''waa'' + ''un'' → ''woon'' | |||
::*''waa'' + ''isin'' → ''weesin'' | |||
::*''waa'' + ''isho'' → ''weesho'' | |||
*''waxa'' is used before a verb when the object follows the verb, allowing for a SVO word order. It literally means ''the thing''. | |||
:e.g. ''ninki <b>waxa</b> qaathi qalin'' "the man took a pen" (literally "the thing the man took (was) a pen") | |||
:*The interrogative equivalent of ''waxa'' is ''maxa''. | |||
:*''waxa'' and ''maxa'' can combine to clitic subjects as follows: | |||
::*''waxa'' + ''an'' → ''waxan'' | |||
::*''waxa'' + ''ad'' → ''waxad'' | |||
::*''waxa'' + ''us'' → ''wuxus'' | |||
::*''waxa'' + ''ish'' → ''wixish'' | |||
::*''waxa'' + ''un'' → ''wuxun'' | |||
::*''waxa'' + ''isin'' → ''wixisin'' | |||
::*''waxa'' + ''isho'' → ''wixisho'' | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||