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→Focus Particles
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====Focus Particles==== | ====Focus Particles==== | ||
Focus particles are used with main clause verbs. They are '' | Focus particles are used with main clause verbs. They are ''wáa'', ''waxa'', ''aa'', and their interrogative equivalents (more may be added later). | ||
*''waa'' optionally precedes a main affirmative verb. It is used to indicate that the verb is NOT being used as an adjectivally and puts emphasis on the verb. | *''waa'' optionally precedes a main affirmative verb. It is used to indicate that the verb is NOT being used as an adjectivally and puts emphasis on the verb. | ||
:e.g. ''ninki bixi'' "the man left" OR "the man who left"; ''ninki <b> | :e.g. ''ninki bixi'' "the man left" OR "the man who left"; ''ninki <b>wáa</b> bixi'' "the man left" or "the man ''left''" | ||
::''minki cad'' "the house is white" OR "the white house"; ''minki <b> | ::''minki cad'' "the house is white" OR "the white house"; ''minki <b>wáa</b> cad'' "the house is white" or "the house is ''white''" | ||
:*The interrogative equivalent of ''waa'' is ''maa''. | :*The interrogative equivalent of ''waa'' is ''maa''. | ||
::e.g. ''ninki <b>maa</b> bixi?'' "did the man leave?" | ::e.g. ''ninki <b>maa</b> bixi?'' "did the man leave?" | ||
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::*''waa'' + ''isin'' → ''weesin'' | ::*''waa'' + ''isin'' → ''weesin'' | ||
::*''waa'' + ''isho'' → ''weesho'' | ::*''waa'' + ''isho'' → ''weesho'' | ||
*''waxa'' is used before a main verb when the object follows the verb, allowing for a SVO word order. It literally means ''the thing''. | *''waxa'' is used before a main verb when the object follows the verb, allowing for a SVO word order. It literally means ''the thing''. It places emphasis on the object. | ||
:e.g. ''ninki <b>waxa</b> qaathi qalin'' "the man took a pen" (literally "the thing the man took (was) a pen") | :e.g. ''ninki <b>waxa</b> qaathi qalin'' "the man took ''a pen''" (literally: "the thing the man took (was) a pen") | ||
:*The interrogative equivalent of ''waxa'' is ''maxa''. | :*The interrogative equivalent of ''waxa'' is ''maxa''. | ||
::e.g. ''ninki <b>maxa</b> qaathi qalin?'' "did the man take a pen?" | ::e.g. ''ninki <b>maxa</b> qaathi qalin?'' "did the man take ''a pen''?" | ||
:*''waxa'' and ''maxa'' can combine to clitic subjects as follows: | :*''waxa'' and ''maxa'' can combine to clitic subjects as follows: | ||
::*''waxa'' + ''an'' → ''waxan'' | ::*''waxa'' + ''an'' → ''waxan'' | ||
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::e.g. ''<b>ma</b> ninki <b>aa</b> qalinki qaathi?'' "did ''the man'' take the pen?" (or "did the pen take ''the man''?) | ::e.g. ''<b>ma</b> ninki <b>aa</b> qalinki qaathi?'' "did ''the man'' take the pen?" (or "did the pen take ''the man''?) | ||
:*''aa'' can combine to clitic subjects in the same way as ''waa''. | :*''aa'' can combine to clitic subjects in the same way as ''waa''. | ||
*''waxa'' can be combined with ''aa'' to form ''waxaa'', which is used when the subject follows the verb and places emphasis on the subject. | |||
:e.g. ''qalinki <b>waxaa</b> qaathi ninki'' "''the man'' took the pen" (literally: what took the pen (was) the man") | |||
:*The interrogative equivalent of ''waxaa'' is ''maxaa''. | |||
::e.g. ''qalinki <b>maxaa</b> qaathi ninki?'' "did ''the man'' take the pen?" | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||