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#Conjugation 1: Root verbs | #Conjugation 1: Root verbs | ||
#Conjugation 2: ''-am-'' (passive) verbs | #Conjugation 2: ''-am-'' (passive) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 3 (A, B): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs | #Conjugation 3 (A, B, C): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs | #Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 5 (A, B): ''-w/p-'' verbs | #Conjugation 5 (A, B): ''-w/p-'' verbs | ||
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| <center>3P</center> || <center>''-(i)sháan''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)sháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)shaán''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)shaán</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)shéen''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)shéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | | <center>3P</center> || <center>''-(i)sháan''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)sháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)shaán''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)shaán</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)shéen''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)shéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Conjugation 3B===== | =====Conjugation 3B===== | ||
Verbs derived | Verbs derived with the causative affix ''-siish-''. e.g. ''gaarsiin'' "to make reach". | ||
===== | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Class I Conjugation 3B | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-siín''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''gaar<b>siín</b>''</span></center> | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-siís'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''gaar<b>siís</b>''</span></center> | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative | |||
|- | |||
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''-siisha''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishí''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishí</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-siinín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''gaar<b>siiinín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | |||
|- | |||
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''-siisa''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisí''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisí</b>''</center>||<center>''-siisi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisi</b>''</center>|| <center>''ˊ–siish''</center> || <center>''gaár<b>ish</b>''</center>|| <center>''–siínin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siínin</b>''</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''-siisha''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" | | |||
|- | |||
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-siisa''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisi</b>''</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-siinna''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-siinnó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinnó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siinni''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>inni</b>''</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-siisíin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-siisiín''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisiín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siiséen''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siiséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–siísha''</center>|| <center>''gaar<b>siísha</b>''</center>||<center>''-siinína''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinína</b>''</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''-siisháan''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishaán''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishaán</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishéen''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | |||
|} | |||
=====Conjugation 3C===== | |||
Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives with the causative affix ''-aash-'' (from ''-aa- + -(i)sh-''). e.g. ''bishaan'' "to water". | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Class I Conjugation | |+ Class I Conjugation 3C | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''- | ! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aán''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''bish<b>aán</b>''</span></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''- | ! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aás'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''bish<b>aás</b>''</span></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative | ! !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''- | | <center>1S</center> || <center>''-aasha''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashí''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashí</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-aanín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''bish<b>aainín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''- | | <center>2S</center> || <center>''-aasa''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aasí''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasí</b>''</center>||<center>''-aasi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasi</b>''</center>|| <center>''ˊ–aash''</center> || <center>''bish<b>áash</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aánin''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aánin</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''- | | <center>3SM</center> || <center>''-aasha''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''- | | <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-aasa''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aasó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aasi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasi</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''- | | <center>1P</center> || <center>''-aanna''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aanna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-aannó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aannó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aanni''</center> || <center>''bish<b>inni</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''- | | <center>2P</center> || <center>''-aaáan''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaáan</b>''</center>||<center> ''-aaaán''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaaán</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaséen''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aásha''</center>|| <center>''bish<b>aásha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aanína''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aanína</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''- | | <center>3P</center> || <center>''-aasháan''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashaán''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashaán</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashéen''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Conjugation 4A===== | |||
Verbs with the middle affix ''-o/at-''. When derived from Conjugation 3 verbs, the ''-sh-'' becomes ''-s-'', giving the combined affix ''-so/sat-''. Depending on the stem, there may or may not be reductions. e.g. ''xirán'' "to put on" (stem: ''xir-at-''), ''karsán'' "to cook for oneself" (stem: ''kar-s-at-''). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Class I Conjugation 4A - | |+ Class I Conjugation 4A - With reductions | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-án''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">'' | ! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-án''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''xir<b>án</b>''</span></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-ashó'' (''-ashá-'') </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">'' | ! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-ashó'' (''-ashá-'') </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''xir<b>ashó</b>''</span></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative | ! !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''- | | <center>1S</center> || <center>''-ta''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ta</b>''</center>|| <center>''-tí''</center> || <center>''xir<b>tí</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ti''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ti</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-anín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''xir<b>anín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''-ata''</center> || <center>'' | | <center>2S</center> || <center>''-ata''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ata</b>''</center>|| <center>''-atí''</center> || <center>''xir<b>atí</b>''</center>||<center>''-ati''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ati</b>''</center>|| <center>''–ó''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''–ánin''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ánin</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''- | | <center>3SM</center> || <center>''-ta''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ta</b>''</center>|| <center>''-tó''</center> || <center>''xir<b>tó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ti''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ti</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-ata''</center> || <center>'' | | <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-ata''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ata</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ató''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ató</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ati''</center> || <center>''xir<b>ati</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-anna''</center> || <center>'' | | <center>1P</center> || <center>''-anna''</center> || <center>''xir<b>anna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-annó''</center> || <center>''xir<b>annó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-anni''</center> || <center>''xir<b>anni</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-atíin''</center> || <center>'' | | <center>2P</center> || <center>''-atíin''</center> || <center>''xir<b>atíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-atiín''</center> || <center>''xir<b>atiín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-atéen''</center> || <center>''xir<b>atéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–́ ta''</center>|| <center>''xír<b>ta</b>''</center>||<center>''-anína''</center> || <center>''xir<b>anína</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''- | | <center>3P</center> || <center>''-táan''</center> || <center>''xir<b>táan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-taán''</center> || <center>''xir<b>taán</b>''</center>|| <center>''-téen''</center> || <center>''xir<b>téen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Conjugation 4B===== | =====Conjugation 4B===== | ||
Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally adjectives) with the affix ''-oow/aath-'' (from ''-aa- + -at-''). Class III verbs all have a Conjugation 4B counterpart, which is used inchoatively or continuatively. They share infinitive and imperative forms. e.g. ''ahaan'' "to be" (Class III) or "to become/remain" (Conjugation 4B, stem: ''ah-aath-''). | Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally adjectives) with the affix ''-oow/aath-'' (from ''-aa- + -at-''). Class III verbs all have a Conjugation 4B counterpart, which is used inchoatively and/or continuatively. They share infinitive and imperative forms. e.g. ''ahaan'' "to be" (Class III) or "to become/remain" (Conjugation 4B, stem: ''ah-aath-''). | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 624: | Line 655: | ||
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-aata''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aata</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aató''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aató</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aati''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aati</b>''</center> | | <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-aata''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aata</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aató''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aató</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aati''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aati</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''- | | <center>1P</center> || <center>''-aanna''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aanna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-aannó''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aannó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aanni''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aanni</b>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-aatíin''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aatíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-aatiín''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aatiín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aatéen''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aatéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aátha''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>aátha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aanína''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aanína</b>''</center> | | <center>2P</center> || <center>''-aatíin''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aatíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-aatiín''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aatiín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aatéen''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aatéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aátha''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>aátha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aanína''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aanína</b>''</center> | ||