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| <center>Á á; Â â</center> || <center>ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ــَا</center></big></big> || <center>Ā ā; Â â</center> || <center> <i>h'''á'''bde</i> /hɑbdə/, <i>h'''â'''de</i> /hɑːdə/ "had"</center> | | <center>Á á; Â â</center> || <center>ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ــَا</center></big></big> || <center>Ā ā; Â â</center> || <center> <i>h'''á'''bde</i> /hɑbdə/, <i>h'''â'''de</i> /hɑːdə/ "had"</center> | ||
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| <center>Ä ä</center> || <center>æ, ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌹</center> || <center>Ai ai, Āi āi</center> || | | <center>Ä ä</center> || <center>æ, ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌹</center> || <center>Ai ai, Āi āi</center> || <center><i>'''ä'''rþe</i> /ærðə/ "earth", <i>'''ä'''n</i> /ɛn/ "one"</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>Ea ea; Êa êa</center> || <center>ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٰا</center></big></big> || <center>Āi āi; Âi âi</center> || | | <center>Ea ea; Êa êa</center> || <center>ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>e(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٰا</center></big></big> || <center>Āi āi; Âi âi</center> || | ||
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| <center>Å å</center> || <center>ɒ, ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɔ, o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٝـ ، ــٝا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌿</center> || <center>An an, Ān ān</center> || | | <center>Å å</center> || <center>ɒ, ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>ɔ, o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center>ــٝـ ، ــٝا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰𐌿</center> || <center>An an, Ān ān</center> || <center><i>'''å'''ster</i> /ɒstr̩/ "east", <i>h'''å'''bed</i> /hɔːbəþ/ "head"</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>Oa oa; Ôa ôa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān; Ân ân</center> || | | <center>Oa oa; Ôa ôa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān; Ân ân</center> || <center><i>h'''ôa'''d</i> /hɔːþ/ "head"</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>B b</center> || <center>b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small></center> || <center><small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center>ب ، ف </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱</center> || <center>B b</center> | | <center>B b</center> || <center>b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small></center> || <center><small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center>ب ، ف </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱</center> || <center>B b</center> | ||
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| <center>Ey ey</center> || <center>œʏ̯</center> || <center>ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯; yː</center> || <big><big><center> ــٗيْ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌴𐌹𐌿</center> || <center>Ein ein</center> | | <center>Ey ey</center> || <center>œʏ̯</center> || <center>ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯; yː</center> || <big><big><center> ــٗيْ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌴𐌹𐌿</center> || <center>Ein ein</center> | ||
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| <center>F f</center> || <center>f</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ف</center></big></big> || <center>𐍆</center> || <center>F f</center> | | <center>F f</center> || <center>f, <small>VS</small>-v-<small>VS</small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ف</center></big></big> || <center>𐍆</center> || <center>F f</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>Fj fj</center> || <center>ʃ</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ش</center></big></big> || <center>𐍆𐌾</center> || <center>Fg fg</center> | | <center>Fj fj</center> || <center>ʃ, <small>VS</small>-ʒ-<small>VS</small></center></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ش</center></big></big> || <center>𐍆𐌾</center> || <center>Fg fg</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2"| <center>G g</center> || <center>ɡ, <small>V</small>-x, <small>C</small>-k<small><sup>2</sup></small></center> || <center><small>V</small>-ɣ-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center> چ</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"| <center>𐌲</center> || <center>Г r</center> | | rowspan="2"| <center>G g</center> || <center>ɡ, <small>V</small>-x, <small>C</small>-k<small><sup>2</sup></small></center> || <center><small>V</small>-ɣ-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center> چ</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"| <center>𐌲</center> || <center>Г r</center> | ||
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| <center>d͡ʒ-, <small>V</small>-j-<small>V</small>, -ʃ<small><sup>2,5</sup></small></center> || <center><small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center>ج ، ي ، ش</center></big></big> || <center>Ѓ ŕ</center> | | <center>d͡ʒ-, <small>V</small>-j-<small>V</small>, -ʃ<small><sup>2,5</sup></small></center> || <center><small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small></center> || <big><big><center>ج ، ي ، ش</center></big></big> || <center>Ѓ ŕ</center> | ||
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| <center>Gj gj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ</center> || <center><small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small>; ʒ</center> || <big><big><center> ج</center></big></big> || <center>𐌲𐌾</center> || <center>Гg rg</center> | | <center>Gj gj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ</center> || <center><small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small>; ʒ</center> || <big><big><center> ج</center></big></big> || <center>𐌲𐌾</center> || <center>Гg rg</center> | ||
|- | |||
| <center>Gv gv</center> || <center>b, <small>V</small>-f, <small>C</small>-p</center> || <center><small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small>; ɡw, <small>V</small>-x, <small>C</small>-k</center> || <big><big><center> ب</center></big></big> || <center>𐍁</center> || <center>Ч ɥ</center> | |||
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| <center>H h</center> || <center>h, Ø<small><sup>6</sup></small></center> || <center>x</center> || <big><big><center> هـ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌷</center> || <center>Һ h</center> | | <center>H h</center> || <center>h, Ø<small><sup>6</sup></small></center> || <center>x</center> || <big><big><center> هـ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌷</center> || <center>Һ h</center> | ||
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| <center>Hj hj</center> || <center>ʃ</center> || <center>ç</center> || <big><big><center> ش</center></big></big> || <center>𐌷𐌾</center> || <center>Һg hg</center> | | <center>Hj hj</center> || <center>ʃ</center> || <center>ç</center> || <big><big><center> ش</center></big></big> || <center>𐌷𐌾</center> || <center>Һg hg</center> | ||
|- | |||
| <center>Hv hv</center> || <center>f, <small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small></center> || <center>ʍ</center> || <big><big><center> ف</center></big></big> || <center>𐍈</center> || <center>Θ ɵ</center> | |||
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| <center>I i</center> || <center>ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــِـ ، ــِي</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌹</center> || <center>I i, Ī ī</center> | | <center>I i</center> || <center>ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــِـ ، ــِي</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌹</center> || <center>I i, Ī ī</center> | ||
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| <center>Kj kj</center> || <center>t͡ʃ</center> || <center>ʃ</center> || <big><big><center> ڭ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌺𐌾</center> || <center>Kg kg</center> | | <center>Kj kj</center> || <center>t͡ʃ</center> || <center>ʃ</center> || <big><big><center> ڭ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌺𐌾</center> || <center>Kg kg</center> | ||
|- | |||
| <center>L l</center> || <center>l</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ل</center></big></big> || <center>𐌻</center> || <center>Λ λ</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Lj lj</center> || <center>ʎ</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ڷ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌻𐌾</center> || <center>Λg λg</center> | |||
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|} | |} | ||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. The circumflexed long forms are used when a letter (usually "b") has been dropped. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules. Note that distinction between long and short vowels is more of a difference in quality rather than duration, with "long" vowels generally being lengthened in stressed, open syllables and shortened otherwise. | <small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. The circumflexed long forms are used when a letter (usually "b") has been dropped. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules. Note that distinction between long and short vowels is more of a difference in quality rather than duration, with "long" vowels generally being lengthened in stressed, open syllables and shortened otherwise. | ||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> <small>V</small> = vowel; <small>C</small> = consonant; <small>N</small> = nasal; <small>NN</small> = non-nasal; <small>FV</small> = front vowel | <small><sup>2</sup></small> <small>V</small> = vowel; <small>C</small> = consonant; <small>N</small> = nasal; <small>NN</small> = non-nasal; <small>FV</small> = front vowel; <small>VS</small> = voiced sound | ||
<small><sup>3</sup></small> In loanwords. | <small><sup>3</sup></small> In loanwords. | ||