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→Class I: Suffix Conjugation
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The suffix conjugation is the most common and productive verb class. It can be divided into 5 conjugation groups: | The suffix conjugation is the most common and productive verb class. It can be divided into 5 conjugation groups: | ||
#Conjugation 1: Root verbs | #Conjugation 1: Root verbs | ||
#Conjugation 2: ''- | #Conjugation 2: ''-(a)m-'' (passive) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 3 (A, B, C): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs | #Conjugation 3 (A, B, C): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs | #Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 5 (A, B): ''-p-'' verbs | #Conjugation 5 (A, B): ''-p-'' verbs | ||
*'''Note:''' | *'''Note:''' Affixes can be combined - e.g. ''cunsiismid'' "to be made to eat" (stem: ''cun-siish-am-''). When any derivational affix is added to ''-ish-'' (or derivatives such as ''-siish-''), the ''-sh-'' always becomes ''-s-''. Affixes combine in the order -''oo/aa''- + -''p''- + -''(si)ish''- + -''at/o''- + -''(a)m''-. | ||
=====Conjugation 1===== | =====Conjugation 1===== | ||
Root verbs with no extra affixes. e.g. ''keeni'' "to bring" (stem: ''keen-'') | Root verbs with no extra affixes. e.g. ''keeni'' "to bring" (stem: ''keen-'') | ||
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=====Conjugation 2===== | =====Conjugation 2===== | ||
Passive verbs derived from lexically causative verbs with the passive affix ''- | Passive verbs derived from lexically causative verbs with the passive affix ''-(a)m-''. When derived from a Conjugation 3 verb, the ''-sh-'' becomes a ''-s-'', giving the combined affix ''-is(a)m-''. When derived from a Conjugation 4 verb, the combined affix of ''-at-'' + ''-(a)m-'' is ''-am-'' (where the ''-a-'' is NOT dropped). There are two competing paradigms for Conjugation 2 verbs: the first treats them as a Conjugation 1 verb, with the ''-(a)m'' affix behaving as a part of the stem, while the second is a hybrid of Conjugations 1 and 4. | ||
e.g. ''xirmi'' "to close (<small>INTR</small>), get closed" (stem: ''xir-am-'') | e.g. ''xirmi'' "to close (<small>INTR</small>), get closed" (stem: ''xir-am-'') | ||
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=====Conjugation 4C===== | =====Conjugation 4C===== | ||
Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally nouns ending in ''-o'') with the affix ''-oow/ooth-'' (from '' | Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally nouns ending in ''-o'') with the affix ''-oow/ooth-'' (from ''-oo- + -at-''). e.g. ''caroón'' "to become angry" (stem ''car-ooth-'', from ''caro'' "anger"). | ||
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=====Conjugation 5A===== | =====Conjugation 5A===== | ||
Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally nouns) with the affix ''-oop-''. e.g. ''duqoopi'' "to get old" (stem: ''duq-oop-'') | Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally nouns) with the affix ''-oop-'' (=''-oo-'' + ''-p-''). e.g. ''duqoopi'' "to get old" (stem: ''duq-oop-'') | ||
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=====Conjugation 5B===== | =====Conjugation 5B===== | ||
Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally nouns) with the affix ''-aap-''. e.g. ''maghacaápi'' "to name" (stem: ''maghac-aap-''). | Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives (generally nouns) with the affix ''-aap-'' (=-''aa''- + -''p''-). e.g. ''maghacaápi'' "to name" (stem: ''maghac-aap-''). | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||