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→Class I: Suffix Conjugation
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The suffix conjugation is the most common and productive verb class. It can be divided into 5 conjugation groups: | The suffix conjugation is the most common and productive verb class. It can be divided into 5 conjugation groups: | ||
#Conjugation 1: Root verbs | #Conjugation 1: Root verbs | ||
#Conjugation 2: ''-(a)m-'' ( | #Conjugation 2: ''-(a)m-'' (anticausative) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 3 (A, B, C): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs | #Conjugation 3 (A, B, C): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs | ||
#Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs | #Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs | ||
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=====Conjugation 2===== | =====Conjugation 2===== | ||
Anticausative verbs derived with the passive affix ''-(a)m-''. When derived from a Conjugation 3 verb, the ''-sh-'' becomes a ''-s-'', giving the combined affix ''-(i)s(a)m-'' Note that in dropping environments, either the ''-i-'' or ''-a-'' of ''-(i)s(a)m-'' may be dropped - e.g. ''karisma'' or ''karsama'' "it cooks" (the latter is more common). -''(a)m''- can also combine with ''-at-'' (though more rarely) to form ''-am-'', where the -''a''- is NOT dropped. There are two competing paradigms for Conjugation 2 verbs: the first treats them as a Conjugation 1 verb, with the ''-(a)m'' affix behaving as a part of the stem, while the second is a hybrid of Conjugations 1 and 4. The hybrid paradigm cannot be used when the ''-a-'' of ''-(a)m-'' is preserved in a combined affix such as ''-am-'' or ''-sam-''. | |||
e.g. ''xirmi'' "to close (<small>INTR</small>), get closed" (stem: ''xir-(a)m-'') | e.g. ''xirmi'' "to close (<small>INTR</small>), get closed" (stem: ''xir-(a)m-'') | ||