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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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* '''pa''' translates "on, of, about; concerning, on the subject of", and requires a noun direct case or a verb in subjunctive mood. | * '''pa''' translates "on, of, about; concerning, on the subject of", and requires a noun direct case or a verb in subjunctive mood. | ||
* '''sama''' translates "and" as a coordinating conjunction between sentences. If the following word starts with a vowel, it is shortened to '''sam''''. | * '''sama''' translates "and" as a coordinating conjunction between sentences. If the following word starts with a vowel, it is shortened to '''sam''''. | ||
* '''tora''' translates "also", "too", usually before the verb (e.g. ''tora | * '''tora''' translates "also", "too", usually before the verb (e.g. ''tora uyųlaṃçå'' "I've eaten that too"); note that "also" as a conjunction between two sentences is usually translated with ''nanū'' (more). | ||
** '''tora gu''' is a particle-adjective locution translating "not even", and is put before the noun it refers to; | ** '''tora gu''' is a particle-adjective locution translating "not even", and is put before the noun it refers to; | ||
** '''tora no''', after the noun, translates "even" - e.g. ''tami tora no | ** '''tora no''', after the noun, translates "even" - e.g. ''tami tora no dadrāçå'' "even he has done it it"). | ||
===Paired particles=== | ===Paired particles=== | ||
The paired particles in Chlouvānem are: | The paired particles in Chlouvānem are: | ||
* '''gu''' X '''tora gu''' Y '''no''' — translating "neither X nor Y"; e.g. ''gu jādāh tora gu lañekaica no | * '''gu''' X '''tora gu''' Y '''no''' — translating "neither X nor Y"; e.g. ''gu jādāh tora gu lañekaica no drāliçå'' "neither Jādāh nor Lañekaica did it". | ||
* X '''jusęe''' Y '''mbu''' — translating "either X or Y". ''jusęe'' is a worn-down form of ''jususęe'', adverb form of ''jususas'', present participle of ''gyake'' (to be). e.g. ''jādāh jusęe lañekaica mbu | * X '''jusęe''' Y '''mbu''' — translating "either X or Y". ''jusęe'' is a worn-down form of ''jususęe'', adverb form of ''jususas'', present participle of ''gyake'' (to be). e.g. ''jādāh jusęe lañekaica mbu drāliçå'' "either Jādāh or Lañekaica did it". | ||
* X '''jusęe''' Y '''tora no''' — translating "both X and Y"; e.g. ''jādāh jusęe lañekaica tora no | * X '''jusęe''' Y '''tora no''' — translating "both X and Y"; e.g. ''jādāh jusęe lañekaica tora no drāliçå'' "both Jādāh and Lañekaica did it". | ||
===Emphatic particles=== | ===Emphatic particles=== | ||