Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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→‎Imperative
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===Imperative===
===Imperative===
====Regular====
====Regular====
The imperative is a defective paradigm, lacking all dual forms; it is formed from the bare root, so it is formed in the same way for all verbs. Unlike all other terminations, there are separate agentive and patientive ones (note that agentive ones begin with '''-ь''' and not ''-y''.
The imperative is a defective paradigm, lacking all dual forms; it is formed from the bare root, so it is formed in the same way for all verbs. Unlike all other terminations, there are separate agentive and patientive ones (note that agentive ones begin with '''-ь''' and not ''-y''. Causative forms follow the same pattern as non-causative ones, but the stem is the specifically causative one.


Note that, due to the politeness system of Chlouvānem, the imperative is somewhat rare, as other methods are used. The first person imperative is an exception, being often used with the meaning “I/we must”.
Note that, due to the politeness system of Chlouvānem, the imperative is somewhat rare, as other methods are used. The first person imperative is an exception, being often used with the meaning “I/we must”.
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Person !! nāmvake "to crush, press”<br/>(exterior) (patientive) !! nāmvake "to crush, press”<br/>(exterior) (agentive) !! dældake “to speak”<br/>(interior)
! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan=3 | Non-causative !! colspan=3 | Causative
|-
|-
| 1SG || nāmv'''ikṣam''' || nāmv'''yasti''' || dæld'''irkam'''
! colspan=6 | nāmvake <br/><small>"to crush, press"</small>
|-
|-
| 2SG || nāmv'''eik''' || nāmv'''a''' || dæld'''ih'''
! <small>Ex. patientive</small> !! <small>Ex. agentive</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Ex. patientive</small> !! <small>Ex. agentive</small> !! <small>Interior</small>
|-
|-
| 3SG || nāmv'''eitte''' || nāmv'''ya''' || dæld'''irda'''
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
| nāmv'''ikṣam''' || nāmv'''yasti''' || nāmv'''irkam''' || nāmv'''axhiṣam''' || nāmv'''axhisti''' || nāmv'''axhirkam'''
|-
|-
| 1DU || — || — || —
! 2nd
| nāmv'''eik''' || nāmv'''a''' || nāmv'''ih''' || nāmv'''axheik''' || nāmv'''axhia''' || nāmv'''axhih'''
|-
|-
| 2DU || — || — || —
! 3rd
| nāmv'''eitte''' || nāmv'''ya''' || nāmv'''irda''' || nāmv'''axhiṣai''' || nāmv'''axhit''' || nāmv'''axhirda'''
|-
|-
| 3DU || — || — || —
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
| rowspan=3 colspan=6 style="text-align: center;" | ''No dual imperative forms''
|-
|-
| 1PL || nāmv'''ikṣumi''' || nāmv'''yasmi''' || dæld'''irkumi'''
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st
| nāmv'''ikṣumi''' || nāmv'''yasmi''' || nāmv'''irkumi''' || nāmv'''axhiṣmi''' || nāmv'''axhismi''' || nāmv'''axhiurum'''
|-
|-
| 2PL || nāmv'''eikus''' || nāmv'''yęs''' || dæld'''irkus'''
! 2nd
| nāmv'''eikus''' || nāmv'''yęs''' || nāmv'''irkus''' || nāmv'''axhiṣus''' || nāmv'''axhięs''' || nāmv'''axhiurus'''
|-
|-
| 3PL || nāmv'''eicąt''' || nāmv'''yęt''' || dæld'''ircąt'''
! 3rd
|}
| nāmv'''eicąt''' || nāmv'''yęt''' || nāmv'''ircąt''' || nāmv'''axhiṣat''' || nāmv'''axhięt''' || nāmv'''axhiurat'''
 
====Causative====
Causative forms follow the same pattern as non-causative ones, but the stem is the specifically causative one.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person !! nāmvake "to make crush, press"<br/>(exterior) (patientive) !! nāmvake "to make crush, press"<br/>(exterior) (agentive) !! mišake "to learn; to show each other"<br/>(interior)
|-
| 1SG || nāmv'''axhiṣam''' || nāmv'''axhisti''' || maiš'''axhirkam'''
|-
| 2SG || nāmv'''axheik''' || nāmv'''axhia''' || maiš'''axhih'''
|-
| 3SG || nāmv'''axhiṣai''' || nāmv'''axhit''' || maiš'''axhirda'''
|-
| 1DU || — || — || —
|-
| 2DU || — || — || —
|-
| 3DU || — || — || —
|-
| 1PL || nāmv'''axhiṣmi''' || nāmv'''axhismi''' || maiš'''axhiurum'''
|-
| 2PL || nāmv'''axhiṣus''' || nāmv'''axhięs''' || maiš'''axhiurus'''
|-
| 3PL || nāmv'''axhiṣat''' || nāmv'''axhięt''' || maiš'''axhiurat'''
|}
|}


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