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Rówok: Difference between revisions
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Like the [[#Locatives|locative]], the instrumental features a semantic allophonic variant. Namely the voiced variant '''-gdx/gXd''' has the meanings listed above, largely translated by '''with''' in English, while the unvoiced version '''-ktX/-kXt''' is used as a '''caritive''' or '''acomitative'''. | Like the [[#Locatives|locative]], the instrumental features a semantic allophonic variant. Namely the voiced variant '''-gdx/gXd''' has the meanings listed above, largely translated by '''with''' in English, while the unvoiced version '''-ktX/-kXt''' is used as a '''caritive''' or '''acomitative'''. | ||
=====Case morphophonology===== | |||
[[#Ratio casuum|Case endings]] can affect the final consonant of a [[#Roots and principle parts|root]], and the final consonant of a root can affect case endings, especially in the [[#Number|singular]]. | |||
This happens in the following way: | |||
*[[#Partitive|partitive]]: following '''/b/''', '''/d/''', '''/g/''', or '''/z/''' the ending '''''-sXb''''' => '''''-zXb''''' | |||
*[[#Genitive|genitive]]: following '''/l/''' the ending '''''-rXz''''' goes to '''''-lXz''''' | |||
*[[#Benefactive|benefactive]]: the ending '''''-prX''''' swallows final '''/b/''' and '''/p/''', and in the case of the former the ending turnss to '''''-brX''''' | |||
*[[#Telic|telic]]: the ending '''''-nkX''''' swallows final '''/k/''' and '''/g/''', and in the case of the latter the ending turns to '''''-ngX''''' | |||
*[[#Locatives|inessive]]: without a vowel in between the ending '''''-bi''''' forces the final consonant to voice, if possible, and furthermore swallows final '''/b/''' and '''/p/''' | |||
*[[#Locatives|superessive]]: without a vowel in between the ending '''''-pi''''' forces the final consonant to devoice, if possible, and furthermore swallows final '''/b/''' and '''/p/''' | |||
*[[#Instrumental/comitative|instrumental]]: without a vowel in between the ending '''''-gdX''''' forces the final consonant to voice, if possible, and furthermore swallows final '''/g/''' and '''/k/''' | |||
*[[#Instrumental/comitative|caritive]]: without a vowel in between the ending '''''-ktX''''' forces the final consonant to devoice, if possible, and furthermore swallows final '''/g/''' and '''/k/''' | |||
This process is further complicated by the gradation effected by the [[#Diminutive morphophonology|diminutives]]. | |||
====Declension tables==== | ====Declension tables==== | ||