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'''Dry Icelandic''' (Dry Icelandic: ''gádżyrry llópp'' /kaːqɨtrɨ tləuʰp/) is a language in the [[Proto-Ftseezhic|Ftseezhic]] branch of the Mustlup family. It is inspired by Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic, Northern Sámi, and Pali.


PM ''bxʷay'' > PF ''bā'' > ''bá'' 'father'
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|{{PAGENAME}}-English lexicon]]<br/>
[[{{PAGENAME}}/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch]]


PM ''xdžupɭ'' > PF ''dżufr'' > ''dżyrr'' 'land'
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|setting = Hussmauch
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''θensārimem''
|pronunciation=  /θensaːrimem/
|region = Talma
|extinct = 220 v.T.
|familycolor=PfK
|fam1= [[Proto-Quihum|Quihum]]
|fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
|fam3= Thensaric
|iso3=qth
|notice=IPA
}}


PM ''sƛ̓əp'' > PF ''sξef'' > ''ξξjaf'' 'world'
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the dominant modern Talmic language.


PM ''sƛī'' > PF ''sξī'' > ''ξξí'' /ʰtɬʲiː/ 'I'
==Todo==
*"Talma" is from what language? Sounds Clofabic or Talmic
*''Stannyssōs''
*''ȝastranis'' = 'laugh'
*''gīθonis'' = 'fall'
*''insinis'' = 'settle'
*''s3ībinis'' = 'stretch'
*''ryncinis'' = 'turn'
*''svendonis? vendonis? aφo-endonis?'' = 'keep'
*''ēs-notinis'' = 'be quiet, lie dormant'
 
==Background==
:''See also: [[Proto-Talmic]].''


PM ''ŋə̄'' > PF ''ŋə̄'' > ''ŋé'' /ŋəi/ 'thou'
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Dry Icelandic uses the following consonants:
{{PAGENAME}} used 18 consonants (only two more than [[Phormatolidin]]).
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Dental
!  |Alveolar
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Radical
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
|colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
|
| [ŋ]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|
|colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''c''' /k/
| [ʡ]
|
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
|colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''g''' /g/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| '''φ''' /φ/
| '''θ''' /θ/
| '''s''' /s/
|
|
| '''ħ''' /ħ/
|rowspan="2" | '''h''' /h/
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| '''δ''' /ð/
| [z]
|
|
| '''ȝ''' /ʕ/
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''v''' /ʋ/
| '''l''' /l/
|
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|}
 
;Notes
*Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
*[ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
*/r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
*/l/ is dental [l̪].
*[z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
*/ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.
 
===Vowels===
{{PAGENAME}} had a five-vowel system with a quantity distinction.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ī''' /iː/
|
|
| '''u''' /u/
| '''ū''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /ɛ/
| '''ē''' /eː/
|
|
| '''o''' /ɔ/
| '''ō''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
| '''ā''' /aː/
|
|
|}
 
Diphthongs: '''ae ao ui oi'''
 
===Stress===
Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.
 
===Phonotactics===
====Allowed clusters====
*R = resonant X = obstruent
*Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
=====Geminates=====
*''mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ''
 
=====RR=====
*'''''mn mr''' nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv '''vl vr'''''
 
=====RX=====
*''mφ nt nθ ns nc nħ''
*''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
*''lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ''
*''rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ''


*The glottal stop ''q'', pronounced /ʔ/.
=====XR=====
*The velar stops ''g'', ''k'', ''ŋ'', which are pronounced /k, kʰ, ŋ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔkʰ, hk, ʔŋ/ respectively.
*'''''φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn'''''
*The dental stops ''d'', ''t'', ''n'', which are pronounced /t, tʰ, n/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtʰ, ht, ʔn/ respectively.
*'''''sm sn sl sr sv'''''
*The lateral affricates ''dλ'', ''ξ'', which are pronounced /tɬ, tɬʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtɬʰ, htɬ/ respectively.
*'''''φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl'''''
*The alveolar affricates ''dz'', ''c'', which are pronounced /ts, tsʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtsʰ, hts/ respectively.
*'''''φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr'''''
*The fricatives ''h'', ''s'', which are pronounced /x, s/ respectively.
*The labials ''b'', ''p'', ''m'', which are pronounced /p, pʰ, m/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔpʰ, hp, ʔm/ respectively.
*The resonants ''l'', ''r'', ''v'', ''j'' pronounced /l~ɬ, r, v, j/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔl, ʔr, kv, c/ respectively.


The majority of consonants come in expected plain and palatalized pairs. Exceptions are noted here:
=====XX=====
*'''''sφ st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
*''cs ct ħs ħt''


*Hard ''dż'', ''cz'' are pronounced /q, qʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔqʰ, hq/ respectively.
=====XXR=====
*Soft ''dž'', ''cz'' are pronounced /tʂ, tʂʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtʂʰ, htʂ/ respectively.
*'''''sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr'''''
*Hard ''þ'', ''σ'', ''sz'' are pronounced /ħ, h, χ/ respectively.
*Soft ''þ'', ''σ'', ''sz'' are pronounced /j, ç, ʂ/ respectively.
*Soft ''f'', ''v'' are pronounced /ç, j/ respectively. (Soft ''v'' behaves identically to ''j''.)
*Soft ''k, g, x'' are pronounced /cʰ, c, ç/ respectively.
*Soft ''s, c, dz'' are pronounced /ɕ, tɕʰ, tɕ/ respectively.


===Vowels===
===Phonological diachronics===
Dry Icelandic has 2 short vowels and 5 long vowels.
====Consonant correspondences====
*''b'' < PQ ''pʼ, b''
*''φ'' < PQ ''p''
*''t'' < PQ ''t, ƛ''
*''d'' < PQ ''tʼ, d''
*''θ'' < PQ ''ł''
*''δ'' < PQ ''ƛʼ''
*''s'' < PQ ''s, c, cʼ?''
*''c'' < PQ ''k, kʷ''
*''g'' < PQ ''kʼ, g''
*''ȝ'' < PQ ''q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ''
*''ħ'' < PQ ''qʼ, qʷʼ''
*''h'' < PQ ''h''
*''m'' < PQ ''m, mʼ''
*''n'' < PQ ''n''
*''l'' < PQ ''l, λ''
*''r'' < PQ ''z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ''
*''v'' < PQ ''w, wʼ''
*''j'' < PQ ''y''
 
====Cluster resolution====
*''tp, tb, tk, tg'' > ''rφ, rb, rc, rg''
 
====Vowel reflexes====
Usually:
*{{recon|''a''}} > ''o''
*{{recon|''ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ā''
*{{recon|''aʔ, əx̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
*{{recon|''ə''}} > ''e''
*{{recon|''i''}} > ''i''
*{{recon|''u''}} > ''u''
*{{recon|''ay''}} > ''ȳ''
*{{recon|''əy''}} > ''ae''
*{{recon|''uy''}} > ''ui''
*{{recon|''iy, iʔ, ix''}} > ''ī''
*{{recon|''aw''}} > ''ao''
*{{recon|''əw''}} > ''iō''
*{{recon|''iw''}} > ''iū''
*{{recon|''uʔ, ux, uw''}} > ''ū''
*{{recon|''Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ''}} > ''Ca''
*{{recon|''Cxʷ''}} > ''Co''
*{{recon|''Cx''}} > ''Cy''
*{{recon|''əʔ, əx, ix̌''}} > ''ē''
**or {{recon|''ix̌''}} > ''iā/ia/ea''?
*{{recon|''ux̌, x̌u''}} > ''ō''
*{{recon|''axʷ, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ao''
*{{recon|''ix̌ʷ''}} > ''iō''
*{{recon|''ux̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
*{{recon|''iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ''}} > ''iā''
*{{recon|''əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ''}} > ''eā''
*{{recon|''iy(ə)x''}} > ''iē''


*Short vowels: ''a ja y i'' = /a ʲa ɨ ʲi/
==Orthography==
*Long vowels: ''á já é jé ý í ó jó ú jú'' = /aː ʲaː əi ʲəi ɨː ʲiː əu ʲəu uː ʲuː/
Alphabetical order: '''R D I A Ħ Φ M L G C H B S V O J Ȝ Δ Y T N Θ E U'''


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
:''Main article: [[Thensarian/Morphology]]''
===Verbs===
 
==Numbers==
==Syntax==
*0: hríkja /ˈçrʲiːcʰa/
Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).
*1: sécy
===Constituent order===
*2: fli
===Noun phrase===
*3: skó
===Verb phrase===
*4: móvi
===Sentence phrase===
*5: fáhy
===Dependent clauses===
*6: éσja
*7: czjaþa
*8: poŋyd
*9: cján
*10: hjáti
*11: pjóti
*12: cjú
*144: pjóracz /ˈpʰʲuəraqʰ/
*1728: sylja /ˈsɨlʲa/


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Talmic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Mustlup languages]]
[[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Tricin]]
IlL
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