Evonish: Difference between revisions

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Evonish (view source)

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{{ClassMeter
{{ClassMeter
|Name      = Evonish
|Name      = Evonish
|NativeName = Évonix
|NativeName =  
|Type      = Fusional
|Type      = Fusional
|Alignment  = Nominative-accusative
|Alignment  = Nominative-accusative
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Affricates were present in [[Middle Evonish]], but by Modern Evonish, they have all become velarized or palatalized.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 860px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 860px; "
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
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|}
|}
===Palatalization===
===Palatalization===
This sounds change creates related pairs of words with c, k, and x.
This sound change creates related pairs of words with c, k, and x.
Occurrences:
Occurrences:
*lorem
*lorem
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==Writing==
==Writing==
===Allophones===
===Allophones===
n is pronounced /ŋ/ before k or g. "Hr" which appears in the initial position of some words is pronounced /ɾ/, although it is oft mistakenly pronounced /hɹ/.
N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k or g. "Hr" which appears in the initial position of some words is pronounced /ɾ/, although it is oft mistakenly pronounced /hɹ/.


===Alphabet===
===Alphabet===
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==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
===Personal===
===Personal===
Subject to change
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person.
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. Suppletion between accusative and dative cases in first and second plurals occurred from originally distinct dual and plural pronouns, hence there are the Cs in the accusative of first and second person plurals.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="row"|Person
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! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
|Singular
|Singular
|Ik
|
|Mek
|
|Mýn
|
|Mí
|
|-
|-
| scope="row"|Plural
| scope="row"|Plural
|Wí
|
|Unk
|
|Úr
|
|Ús
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|Second
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|Second
|Singular
|Singular
|Ðú
|
|Ðek
|
|Ðýn
|
|Ðí
|
|-
|-
| scope="row"|Plural
| scope="row"|Plural
|Jí
|
|Ink
|
|Jár
|
|Já
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
! rowspan="3"|Third
|Common
|Common
|Hú
|
|Hin
|
|His
|
|Him
|
|-
|-
|Neuter
|Neuter
|Hit
|
|It
|
|Is
|
|Im
|
|-
|-
|Plural
|Plural
|Hé
|
|Én
|
|Hér
|
|Ém
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Indefinite
! rowspan="2"|Indefinite
|Reflexive
|Reflexive
|Zí
|
|Zek
|
|Zýn
|
|Zí
|
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Relative===
===Relative===
The sole relative pronoun is ðe, however, relative clauses are set off with commas.
The sole relative pronoun is [TBD], however, relative clauses are set off with commas.


===Interrogative===
===Interrogative===
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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left; "|Common
! style="text-align: left; "|Common
|Ƕo
|
|Ƕon
|
|Ƕos
|
|Ƕom
|
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left; "|Neuter
! style="text-align: left; "|Neuter
| colspan = "2"|Ƕat
|
|Ƕas
|
|Ƕam
|
|
|}
|}


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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position, they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be availible in time.
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
* Superlative: -est
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*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Noun===
===Noun===
Nouns in Evonish are declined to indicate their grammatical role in the sentence. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. Possessive and genitive ''are'' not considered distinct cases. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings in the Old English and Old Norse languages.
Nouns in Evonish are declined to indicate their grammatical role in the sentence. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
! colspan="2"|Class I
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! rowspan="2"|Singular
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
!Common
| o-
|
|
| -en
|
| -es
|
| -e
|
| -i
|
|
|-
|-
!Neuter
!Neuter
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The use of the prefix ne- on any verb's form implies negation. Alternatively add the particle "nict" after the main verb, this is especially useful when a different prefix is already attached to the verb.
The use of the prefix ne- on any verb's form implies negation. Alternatively add the particle "nict" after the main verb, this is especially useful when a different prefix is already attached to the verb.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="4" scope="row"|Weak I
! colspan="3"|Weak I
|-
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Infinitive
!Infinitive
| colspan="2"| '''-en'''
| colspan="2"|  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Gerund
!Gerund
| colspan="2"| '''-ung'''
| colspan="2"|  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Supine
!Supine
| colspan="2"|'''tó-'''
| colspan="2"|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="row"|Participle
!Imperative
! colspan="1"|Passive
|
| colspan="1"|'''ge- -ed'''
| -eþ
|-
|-
! colspan="1"|Active
!Tense
| colspan="1"| '''-end'''
!Present
!Past
|-
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Tense
!Participle
! colspan="1"|Present
| -end
! colspan="1"|Past
| ge- -ed
|-
|-
! rowspan="4"|Finite forms
!1st singular
!1st singular
| colspan="1" |'''-e'''
| colspan="1" |'''-e'''
| colspan="1" |'''-de'''
| colspan="1" |
|-
|-
!2nd singular
!2nd singular
| colspan="1" |'''-est'''
| colspan="1" |'''-est'''
| colspan="1" |'''-dest'''
| colspan="1" |
|-
|-
!3rd singular
!3rd singular
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| colspan="1" |'''-ed'''
| colspan="1" |'''-ed'''
|-
|-
!All Plural
!Plural
| colspan="1" |'''-en'''
| colspan="1" |
| colspan="1" |'''-den'''
| colspan="1" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|Imperative
!Subjunctive Singular
!Singular
| colspan="1" |
| colspan="1"|'''''(no affix)'''''
| colspan="1" |
| colspan="1"|--
|-
!Subjunctive Plural
| colspan="1" | -en
| colspan="1" |
|-
|-
!Plural
| colspan="1"| '''-eþ'''
| colspan="1"|--
|}
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Dependent clauses have this special word order: Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Instrument - Verb.
Relative clauses have their own, to come soon.
===Comparisons===
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. For example:
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. For example:
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===Word Order===
===Word Order===
The standard word order is different for different sentence types.
The standard word order is V2. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second. Dependent clauses have this special word order: Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Instrument - Verb.
*Declarative: Subject - Instrument - Verb - Indirect Object - Direct Object
Relative clauses have their own, to come soon.
*Interrogative: Instrument - Verb - Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object
*Exclamatory: Subject - Instrument - Verb - Indirect Object - Direct Object
 
==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
===Kinship===
===Kinship===
OlySlayer
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