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| [[Proto-Quihum/Lexicon]] | | #redirect [[Quame languages]] |
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| [[Proto-Quihum/Swadesh list]]
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| '''Proto-Quihum''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of all [[Quihum languages]]. It's inspired by Proto-Indo-European and Sanskrit. It's thought to have been spoken 6000 years before present. The main source languages for the reconstruction of PQ are [[Thensarian]], [[Wiobian]], and [[Sjowaazheñ]].
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| ==Todo==
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| ==Overview==
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Consonants===
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| The following inventory of consonants is reconstructed for PQ and is now accepted by the majority of scholars.
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
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| ! rowspan="2" |Labial
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| ! rowspan="2" |Coronal
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| ! rowspan="2" |Palatal
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| ! colspan="2" |Velar
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| ! colspan="2" |Uvular
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| ! rowspan="2" |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| ! |<small>labialized</small>
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| ! |<small>labialized</small>
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''*m'''
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| | '''*n'''
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="4" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| | '''*p'''
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| | '''*t'''
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| | '''*k'''
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| | '''*kʷ'''
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| | '''*q'''
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| | '''*qʷ'''
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| | '''*ʔ'''
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| |-
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| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
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| | '''*pʰ'''
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| | '''*tʰ'''
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| | '''*kʰ'''
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| | '''*kʷʰ'''
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| | '''*qʰ'''
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| | '''*qʷʰ'''
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''*b'''
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| | '''*d'''
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| | '''*g'''
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| | '''*gʷ'''
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| | '''*ɢ'''
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| | '''*ɢʷ'''
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| |-
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| ! |<small>breathy voiced</small>
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| | '''*bʰ'''
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| | '''*dʰ'''
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| | '''*gʰ'''
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| | '''*gʷʰ'''
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| | '''*ɢʰ'''
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| | '''*ɢʷʰ'''
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| | '''*s'''
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| | '''*x'''
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| | '''*xʷ'''
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| | '''*x̌''' /χ/
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| | '''*x̌ʷ''' /χʷ/
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| | '''*h'''
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| ! colspan="2" |Resonant
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| | '''*r''', '''*l'''
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| | '''*y''' /j/
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| | '''*w'''
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| |}
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| ===Vowels===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | '''*i ī'''
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| | '''*u ū'''
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | '''*ē'''
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| | '''*ə'''
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | '''*a *ā'''
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| |}
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| ===Suprasegmentals===
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| Stress was phonemic.
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| Rules:
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| *When initial reduplication occurs, glottalized initials deglottalize.
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| ==Grammar==
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| ===Typology===
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| The basic word order was V2, modifier-modified (like German).
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| ===Ablaut===
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| Much like in PIE, PQ had an ablaut system where roots (usually of 2 or 3 consonants) were inflected in different ablaut grades.
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| Functions of ablaut
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| *Noun inflections
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| *Verb inflections
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| *Verb "binyanim"
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| *Deriving nouns and verbs
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| Ablaut grades
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| *''a''-grade: present tense
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| *''i''-grade: preterite tense
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| *''ə''-grade: verbal noun
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| *''u''-grade
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| *''∅''-grade: verbal noun; many derived stems
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| *lengthened grades: various verb aspects/voices
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| ===Nominals===
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| Nouns had:
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| * two states: absolute and construct.
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| * two cases: nominative and genitive.
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| * two numbers: singular and plural. There was also a third number, the collective, formes by reduplication.
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| There was a noun class system with 10 noun classes.
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| ===Verbs===
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| Verbs were conjugated for subject, object, aspect, and mood (but not for voice).
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| *Subject agreement: For each pronoun, and gender in 3rd person
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| *Aspects: present, preterite, stative
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| *Moods: indicative, subjunctive, jussive, imperative
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| ====TAM affixes====
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| ===Tense/Agreement suffixes===
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| ==Some etymologies==
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quihum languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]]
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