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Rówok: Difference between revisions
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:The word '''lunú''' is the adverb of the root '''lwn-''' or "drop". It is shortened to '''''-lXn''''' when attached as a [[#Clitics|clitic]], whereupon it has the meaning "and not". | :The word '''lunú''' is the adverb of the root '''lwn-''' or "drop". It is shortened to '''''-lXn''''' when attached as a [[#Clitics|clitic]], whereupon it has the meaning "and not". | ||
:Likewise '''''Xr-''''' can be prefixed on words to negate them, or render their opposite. | :Likewise '''''Xr-''''' can be prefixed on words to negate them, or render their opposite. | ||
[[#Nouns|Nominals]] included as the objects of negated [[#Verbs|verbs]] are either in the [[#Partitive|partitive]] or [[#Genitive|genitive]] case, as explained below in [[#Negative telicity|negative telicity]]. | [[#Nouns|Nominals]] included as the objects of negated [[#Verbs|verbs]] are either in the [[#Partitive|partitive]] or [[#Genitive|genitive]] case, as explained below in [[#Negative telicity|negative telicity]]. | ||
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====Negative telicity==== | ====Negative telicity==== | ||
When negating clauses, Rówok shows a bipartite [[#Telicity|telicity]] system, in which: | |||
#Non-telic: whatever noun was not affected by the action of the verb. This is expressed in the genitive case. | |||
Remotely telic: for actions not even attempted or begun, or for actions given the bare minimum of effort, sometimes with a pejorative sense, i.e. when the speaker wouldn't deign or dare to do something; expressed with the partitive case | |||
====Negative fronting==== | |||
Unemphatic statements follow Rówok's normal SOV syntax and circumfix the entire clause. Emphasized parts are usually [[#Fronting|fronted]] and then only the fronted unit is circumfixed. | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = ) | |phrase = 1) ára mowokín razánraz kerpéwen lunú | ||
|IPA = | |IPA = | ||
| morphemes = | | morphemes = ára mowok-Ø-ín razán-Ø-raz Ø-kerp-é-wen lunú | ||
| gloss = | | gloss = NEG dog-ERG-PL bear-SG-GEN 3-fight-PERF-PL NEG | ||
| translation = | | translation = the dogs did not fight the bear (unmarked) | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = 2) ára mowokín lunú razánraz kerpéwen | |||
| translation = it wasn't the dogs that fought the bear | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = 3) ára razánraz lunú mowokín kerpéwen, sa nadáynka | |||
| translation = it wasn't the bear that the dogs fought, but the lynx | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = 4) ára kerpéwen lunú mowokín razánraz, sa razángad élđewen | |||
| translation = the dogs didn't fight the bear, but played with it (the bear) | |||
}} | |||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||