7,081
edits
Kola: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Noun classes
| Line 655: | Line 655: | ||
|+ Noun classes | |+ Noun classes | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Class !! rowspan="2" | Noun prefix !! colspan=" | ! rowspan="2" | Class !! rowspan="2" | Noun prefix !! colspan="4" | Concord prefixes<small><sup>1</sup></small> || rowspan="2" | Typical meaning(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Subject !! Object !! Adjective | ! Pronominal !! Subject !! Object !! Adjective | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 | ! 1 | ||
| mï-; - || a(y)-<small><sup>2</sup></small> || mï- || mï- || Humans, animate | | mï-; - || yï- || a(y)-<small><sup>2</sup></small> || mï- || mï- || Humans, animate | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
| wä- || colspan=" | | wä- || colspan="3" | wa || wä- || Plural of class 1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| mï- || colspan=" | | mï- || colspan="3" | ngu- || mï- || Inanimate | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 4 | ! 4 | ||
| mï- || colspan=" | | mï- || colspan="3" | ji- || mï- || Plural of class 3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
| zï- || colspan=" | | zï- || colspan="3" | li- || zï- || Augmentatives, various | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 6 | ! 6 | ||
| mä- || colspan=" | | mä- || colspan="3" | nga- || mä- || Plural of class 5, mass nouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 7 | ! 7 | ||
| jï- || colspan=" | | jï- || colspan="3" | ĵi- || jï- || Tools/artefacts, diminutives, languages, various | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 8 | ! 8 | ||
| vï- || colspan=" | | vï- || colspan="3" | vi- || vï- || Plural of class 7 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 9 | ! 9 | ||
| N-; -<small><sup>3</sup></small> || colspan=" | | N-; -<small><sup>3</sup></small> || colspan="3" | yi- || N- || Animals, inanimate | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 10 | ! 10 | ||
| N-; -<small><sup>3</sup></small> || colspan=" | | N-; -<small><sup>3</sup></small> || colspan="3" | ĵï- || N- || Plural of classes 9 & 11 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 11 | ! 11 | ||
| lï- || colspan=" | | lï- || colspan="3" | lu- || lï- || Abstract, manner/way/culture | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 12 | ! 12 | ||
| gä- || colspan=" | | gä- || colspan="3" | ga- || gä- || Diminutives | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 13 | ! 13 | ||
| dï- || colspan=" | | dï- || colspan="3" | du- || dï- || Plural of class 12 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 14 | ! 14 | ||
| wï- || colspan=" | | wï- || colspan="3" | wu- || wï- || Abstract, countries/lands | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 15 | ! 15 | ||
| gwï- || colspan=" | | gwï- || colspan="3" | gu- || gwï- || Infinitives | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 16 | ! 16 | ||
| bä- || colspan=" | | bä- || colspan="3" | ba- || bä- || Location | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 17 | ! 17 | ||
| | | g(w)ï- || colspan="3" | gu- || g(w)ï- || Approximate location | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Notes:''' | '''Notes:''' | ||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> These concord prefixes are considered formal and old-fashioned, and tend to be replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2, while those agreeing with inanimate nouns use classes 5/6 or 9/10. | <small><sup>1</sup></small> These concord prefixes are considered formal and old-fashioned, and tend to be replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2, while those agreeing with inanimate nouns use classes 5/6 or 9/10. When a modifier is used with a noun, the concord prefix can be omitted. | ||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> -y- is added epenthetically before vowels | <small><sup>2</sup></small> (y) = -y- is added epenthetically before vowels; (w) = -w- added before vowels | ||
<small><sup>3</sup></small> The initial consonant of the stem (including a null consonant) is often nasalized if applicable, but this is not always the case especially in loanwords. | <small><sup>3</sup></small> The initial consonant of the stem (including a null consonant) is often nasalized if applicable, but this is not always the case especially in loanwords. | ||