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→Noun classes
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|- | |- | ||
! 16 | ! 16 | ||
| bä- || colspan="3" | ba- || bä- || Location | | bä- || colspan="3" | ba- || bä- || Location, "against", "to the detriment of" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 17 | ! 17 | ||
| g(w)ï- || colspan="3" | gu- || g(w)ï- || Approximate location | | g(w)ï-<small><sup>2</sup></small> || colspan="3" | gu- || g(w)ï-<small><sup>2</sup></small> || Approximate location, direction, "for", "to", "to the benefit of" | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Notes:''' | '''Notes:''' | ||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> These concord prefixes are considered formal and old-fashioned, and tend to be replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2, while those agreeing with inanimate nouns use classes 5/6 or 9/10. When a modifier is used with a noun, the concord prefix can be omitted. | <small><sup>1</sup></small> These concord prefixes (for classes 1-15) are considered formal and old-fashioned, and tend to be replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2, while those agreeing with inanimate nouns use classes 5/6 or 9/10. When a modifier is used with a noun, the concord prefix can be omitted. | ||
With nouns, class 16 and 17 behave as prepositions. Their concord prefixes are still used with verbs; adjectives and other modifiers agree with the base noun. The class 16/17 prefix always comes at the beginning of the noun phrase. | |||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> (y) = -y- is added epenthetically before vowels; (w) = -w- added before vowels | <small><sup>2</sup></small> (y) = -y- is added epenthetically before vowels; (w) = -w- added before vowels | ||
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Younger speakers tend to add the prefixes to the noun's singular form, while older speakers add them to the plural forms or don't add them at all. | Younger speakers tend to add the prefixes to the noun's singular form, while older speakers add them to the plural forms or don't add them at all. | ||
<small><sup>5</sup></small> Diminutive and augmentative prefixes may be added before the prefix of the base noun or directly to the stem. Locative prefixes are always added to the | <small><sup>5</sup></small> Diminutive and augmentative prefixes may be added before the prefix of the base noun or directly to the stem. Locative prefixes are always added to the beginning of the noun phrase before any other prefixes and/or modifiers. | ||
:e.g. ''gä-'' + ''zichä'' → ጌጨ ''gechä'' or ገዚጨ ''gäzichä'' "little eye" | :e.g. ''gä-'' + ''zichä'' → ጌጨ ''gechä'' or ገዚጨ ''gäzichä'' "little eye" | ||
::''bä-'' + ''zichä'' → በዚጨ ''bäzichä'' (NOT *ቤጨ ''bechä'') "in (an) eye" | ::''bä-'' + ''zichä'' → በዚጨ ''bäzichä'' (NOT *ቤጨ ''bechä'') "in (an) eye" | ||
::''bä-'' + ''la'' "the" + ''-ngolä'' "red" + ''zichä'' → በላ(ዝ)ጞለ ዚጨ ''bäla(zï)ngolä zichä'' "in the red eye" (or በላጎለ ዚጨ ''bälagolä zichä'', with the class 9 concord prefix). | |||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||