7,081
edits
Kola: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Phonotactics
| Line 428: | Line 428: | ||
*Voiceless velar/guttural (non-labialized) or labial obstruent + /t/, /s/, or /ʃ/ - e.g. /ft, kʼt, ħʃ, ʔs/ | *Voiceless velar/guttural (non-labialized) or labial obstruent + /t/, /s/, or /ʃ/ - e.g. /ft, kʼt, ħʃ, ʔs/ | ||
*Voiceless fricative (non-labialized) + stop - e.g. /st, ftʼ, ʃkʼ/ - EXCEPTION: /f/ cannot be followed by a labial stop | *Voiceless fricative (non-labialized) + stop - e.g. /st, ftʼ, ʃkʼ/ - EXCEPTION: /f/ cannot be followed by a labial stop | ||
Any other word-final cluster is broken with /ɨ/. Alternatively, a word-final /i/ may be added, especially in loanwords - e.g. ዓቅሊ /ʕakʼli/ "reason, common sense" (from Arabic عقل /ʕaql/). | Any other word-final cluster is broken with /ɨ/. Alternatively, a word-final /i/ may be added, especially in loanwords - e.g. ዓቅሊ ''qhaqli'' /ʕakʼli/ "reason, common sense" (from Arabic عقل /ʕaql/). | ||
Word-initial consonant clusters do not occur natively. In loanwords, an epenthetic /ɨ/ is inserted before clusters with ''s'' (i.e. ''st, sp, sk'') and between other clusters. However, /ɨ/ may be dropped after a stop when it is followed by a liquid. | Word-initial consonant clusters do not occur natively. In loanwords, an epenthetic /ɨ/ is inserted before clusters with ''s'' (i.e. ''st, sp, sk'') and between other clusters. However, /ɨ/ may be dropped after a stop when it is followed by a liquid. | ||
Within a word, most two-consonant clusters are allowed in theory. Some clusters do not occur due to coalescence (e.g. ''l'' + ''r'' → ''rr''; ''t'' + ''d'' → ''dd'') Guttural consonants do not normally cluster with each other, except in some loanwords (where they often fuse anyway) - e.g. ማዕሃድ /maʕhad/ "institute" (also ማሓድ /maħad/). When three or more consonants cluster, they are broken up with /ɨ/ (or sometimes another vowel). Some exceptions may occur when the third consonant is a liquid - e.g. ጅንግሊዝ /d͡ʒɨŋɡliz/ "English (language)". | Within a word, most two-consonant clusters are allowed in theory. Some clusters do not occur due to coalescence (e.g. ''l'' + ''r'' → ''rr''; ''t'' + ''d'' → ''dd'') Guttural consonants do not normally cluster with each other, except in some loanwords (where they often fuse anyway) - e.g. ማዕሃድ ''maqh'had'' /maʕhad/ "institute" (also ማሓድ ''mahhad'' /maħad/). When three or more consonants cluster, they are broken up with /ɨ/ (or sometimes another vowel). Some exceptions may occur when the third consonant is a liquid - e.g. ጅንግሊዝ ''Jïn'gliz'' /d͡ʒɨŋɡliz/ "English (language)". | ||
Vowels cannot occur in hiatus. When this would happen, they are separated with epenthetic consonants such as /j/, /w/, or /ʔ/. | Vowels cannot occur in hiatus. When this would happen, they are separated with epenthetic consonants such as /j/, /w/, or /ʔ/. | ||