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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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Umlaut is another of those sound laws that no longer happens actively in the language, but it has become indicative of specific tenses or cases in the language. | Umlaut is another of those sound laws that no longer happens actively in the language, but it has become indicative of specific tenses or cases in the language. | ||
* | *The accusative singular of nouns with palatalization ''are not'' umlauted. All other forms of nouns with palatalization ''are'' umlauted. | ||
*The past subjunctive of verbs is umlauted (except for the 3rd person singular in formal speech). (First person singular is palatalized ''and'' umlauted.) | *The past subjunctive of verbs is umlauted (except for the 3rd person singular in formal speech). (First person singular is palatalized ''and'' umlauted.) | ||
*Most class 1 weak verbs and strong verbs ending in ''–jan'' in Gothic have umlaut in the present and imperative. These verbs all end with ''–in'' in Gutish. | *Most class 1 weak verbs and strong verbs ending in ''–jan'' in Gothic have umlaut in the present and imperative. These verbs all end with ''–in'' in Gutish. | ||
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Umlaut in Gutish initiates the following changes in the stressed vowel of a word: | Umlaut in Gutish initiates the following changes in the stressed vowel of a word: | ||
* | *a → e - ''s'''a'''tjan'' ‘to set’ → ''s'''e'''čin'' | ||
* | *ā → ǣ - ''hl'''ah'''jan'' ‘to laugh’ → ''þl'''ǣ'''n'' | ||
* | *ǭ (''Got''. ‹áu›) → œ̄ - ''h'''au'''sjan'' ‘to hear’ → ''h'''œ̄'''šin'' | ||
* | *o (''Got''. ‹aú›) → œ - ''þ'''au'''rsjan'' ‘to thirst’ → ''þ'''œ'''ršin'' | ||
* | *ō → œ̄ - ''hw'''ō'''tjan'' ‘to threaten’ → ''hw'''œ̄'''čin'' | ||
* | *u → y - ''h'''u'''gjan'' ‘to think’ → ''h'''y'''ǧin'' | ||
* | *ū → ȳ - ''hr'''ū'''kjan'' ‘to crow’ → ''þr'''ȳ'''čin'' | ||
NB: | NB: The word “Umlaut” can refer to several different types of vowel change in Germanic languages – i/j-umlaut, u/w-umlaut, and a-umlaut most commonly – but only one type is present in Gutish: Umlaut here is used to refer specifically to i/j-umlaut, also known as i-umlaut, or front umlaut. | ||
===Coronal Consonant Assimilation=== | ===Coronal Consonant Assimilation=== | ||