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Evonish (view source)

Revision as of 02:23, 17 August 2013

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What's this!? Your language is evolving!?
m (OlySlayer moved page Evonish to Varevon: I've given up on Germanic Purism, making my own original language.)
(What's this!? Your language is evolving!?)
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'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objectives of Evonish are:
'''Varevon''' (literally angels' language) is an a priori language influenced somewhat by the real languages of Old English, Irish, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages.The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. time. The objectives of Varevon are:
*to reinstitute old features of Germanic
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
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{{ClassMeter
{{ClassMeter
|Name      = Evonish
|Name      = Varevon
|NativeName =  
|NativeName = Varavon
|Type      = Fusional
|Type      = Fusional
|Alignment  = Nominative-Accusative
|Alignment  = Nominative-Accusative
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|Declined  = Yes
|Declined  = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders    = Common, Neuter
|Genders    = Red, Blue, Brown, Gray
|NCase  = yes
|NCase  = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NNumber = yes
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|Words=}}
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Palatalization has created related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme from /sk/. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k while ng simplifies to /ŋ/. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ found in Evonish is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
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| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
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| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ç/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
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'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Evonish]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic languages are written as the standard vowel with an e after.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/


==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="row"|Person
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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Noun===
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. A word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
! colspan="2"|Class I
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!Dative
!Dative
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
! rowspan="2"|Red
!Common
!Singular
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!Neuter
!Plural
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
! rowspan="2"|Blue
!Common
!Singular
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!Neuter
!Plural
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
! rowspan="2"|Brown
!Nominative
!Singular
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!Neuter
!Plural
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
! rowspan="2"|Gray
!Common
!Singular
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!Neuter
!Plural
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
|}
|}
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Verb===
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
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|-
|-
!Lemma
!Lemma
| colspan="2"| -en
| colspan="2"|
|-
|-
!Frequentative
!Frequentative
| -eln
| colspan="2"|
| -ern
|-
|-
!Aspect
!Aspect
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The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"| To fell - Weak (Class 1)
! colspan="3"|
!
!
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
!Infinitive
|fällen
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Gerund
!Gerund
|fälling
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Supine
!Supine
|tofäll
|
|
|
|-
|-
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|-
|-
!Present
!Present
|fällend
|
|nefällend
|
|-
|-
!Past
!Past
|gefälled
|
|unfälled
|
|-
|-
!Mood
!Mood
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! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
! rowspan="3" |Present
|fälle
|
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|-
|fällest
|
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|-
|fälleþ
|
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
! rowspan="3" |Past
|fälled
|
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|-
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! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
!Nonpast
|fälle
|
|fällen
|
|-
|-
!Past
!Past
|fällde
|
|fällden
|
|-
|-
!Imperative
!Imperative
!Present
!Present
|fäll!
|
|fälleþ!
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than <u>I ate pie</u>" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than <u>I ate pie</u>" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than <u>he ate me</u>" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than <u>he ate me</u>" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).
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Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:A Priori]]
[[Category:Evonish]]
[[Category:Varevon]]
OlySlayer
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