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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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Ordinals, collectives, and multiplicatives are simply used invariable "adjectives", but collectives and multiplicatives are always singular (optionally dual for ''daniamūh'' and ''lādani''). e.g. ''hælinaika kita'' "second house", ''tītyamūh lejīn'' "all eight singers", ''lāpāmvi yąloe'' "triple meal/a meal three times as large". Bare multiplicatives may carry either the meaning of "repeated X times" or "X times as large", but the latter is most commonly specified with a comparison (ablative case) or by context. Ordinals decline as 1h nouns if used without any noun (e.g. ''hælinaikom męliė'' "it is given to the second" — but ''hælinaika lilom męliė'' "it is given to the second person").<br/> | Ordinals, collectives, and multiplicatives are simply used invariable "adjectives", but collectives and multiplicatives are always singular (optionally dual for ''daniamūh'' and ''lādani''). e.g. ''hælinaika kita'' "second house", ''tītyamūh lejīn'' "all eight singers", ''lāpāmvi yąloe'' "triple meal/a meal three times as large". Bare multiplicatives may carry either the meaning of "repeated X times" or "X times as large", but the latter is most commonly specified with a comparison (ablative case) or by context. Ordinals decline as 1h nouns if used without any noun (e.g. ''hælinaikom męliė'' "it is given to the second" — but ''hælinaika lilom męliė'' "it is given to the second person").<br/> | ||
Collectives are often used with the meaning of "all X of..." - e.g. ''tītyamūh lejīn dilu liju | Collectives are often used with the meaning of "all X of..." - e.g. ''tītyamūh lejīn dilu liju lilejlaikate'' "all eight singers wanted to sing the same song" -, with the meaning of "X sets of" with pluralia and singularia tantum, e.g. ''pāmvimūh hærṣūs'' "three pairs of lips" (note that colloquial Chlouvānem increasingly often uses the cardinals here, e.g. ''pāmvi hærṣūs''), and with people and animals in order to say "a group of X", taken as a single entity: there can be subtle differences in meaning, e.g. ''chīka lalāruṇa togāhaite'' (with a cardinal) and ''chīkamūh lalāruṇa togāhaite'' (with a collective) both mean "seven ''lalāruṇai'' hit", but in the latter sentence the action it is implied to be a coordinate act of all seven animals, while in the former they either hit randomly or the coordination of the action is not specified (or not specification-worthy). | ||
Distributives are indeclinable adjectives, and have the meaning of "X each": ''pāmvihaicė titė | Distributives are indeclinable adjectives, and have the meaning of "X each": ''pāmvihaicė titė męliāhai'' "three pens each are given"; ''lili liliā ñæltah no tulūɂihaicė kolecañi alau ulgutarate'' "my sister and I have bought six bottles of kvas each" — note in both sentences the use of singular number in ''titė'' (pencil) and ''alūs'' (acc. ''alau'') "bottle". | ||
Fractionary numerals are always used in the noun.<small>GEN</small> numeral construction, and they are invariable in direct, vocative, accusative, and ergative case but decline with ''-vaḍa'' in all of the others (in fact, etymologically they derive from worn down forms of ordinal + ''vaḍa'', meaning Xth part, e.g. ''hælinaika vaḍa'' (the second part) → ''hælinaivāṭ''). Unlike ordinals, the noun is always in the genitive case. Examples: ''marti hælinaivāṭ'' "half of the city" ; ''alāvi nęltendvāṭ'' "one fourth of the bottle" ; ''bhæli tulūɂendvaḍe'' "in one sixth of the country". | Fractionary numerals are always used in the noun.<small>GEN</small> numeral construction, and they are invariable in direct, vocative, accusative, and ergative case but decline with ''-vaḍa'' in all of the others (in fact, etymologically they derive from worn down forms of ordinal + ''vaḍa'', meaning Xth part, e.g. ''hælinaika vaḍa'' (the second part) → ''hælinaivāṭ''). Unlike ordinals, the noun is always in the genitive case. Examples: ''marti hælinaivāṭ'' "half of the city" ; ''alāvi nęltendvāṭ'' "one fourth of the bottle" ; ''bhæli tulūɂendvaḍe'' "in one sixth of the country". | ||