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User:IlL/Spare pages 1/51: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
The following describes Sċôlu as spoken in Srâħar. | The following describes Sċôlu as spoken in Srâħar. | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
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| | | | ||
| /ʊ/ | | /ʊ/ | ||
| [uː] | | [uː] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Mid | ! style="" |Mid | ||
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| [ɤˁ] | | [ɤˁ] | ||
| /ɔ/ | | /ɔ/ | ||
| [oː] | | [oː] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open | ! style="" |Open | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Diphthongs: /iə uə aw ɛj ɛw ɛ:j ɛ:w iəw uəj/ | |||
Diphthongs: /iə | |||
The vowels /ə/ and /ɨ/ occur only in unstressed syllables; they merge before ''l''. | The vowels /ə/ and /ɨ/ occur only in unstressed syllables; they merge before ''l''. | ||
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* /iː/, /iə/ + /ʟ/ > /iʟ/ [iɤˁ] | * /iː/, /iə/ + /ʟ/ > /iʟ/ [iɤˁ] | ||
* /ɪ/ + /ʟ/ > /ɪʟ/ [ɪɤˁ] | * /ɪ/ + /ʟ/ > /ɪʟ/ [ɪɤˁ] | ||
* /ʊ/, /ʉː/, /uə/ + /ʟ/ > /ʊʟ/ [ʊˁː~ʊɤˁ] | * /ʊ/, /ʉː/, /uə/ + /ʟ/ > /ʊʟ/ [ʊˁː~ʊɤˁ] | ||
* /eː/ + /ʟ/ > /eʟ/ [eɤˁ] | * /eː/ + /ʟ/ > /eʟ/ [eɤˁ] | ||
* /ɛ/ + /ʟ/ > /ɛʟ/ [ɛɤˁ] | * /ɛ/ + /ʟ/ > /ɛʟ/ [ɛɤˁ] | ||
* /ɔ/, /ɵː/ + /ʟ/ > /ɔʟ/ [ɔˁː~ɔɤˁ] | * /ɔ/, /ɵː/ + /ʟ/ > /ɔʟ/ [ɔˁː~ɔɤˁ] | ||
* /ɐ/, /aː/ + /ʟ/ > /ɑʟ/ [ɒˁː~ɑɤˁ] | * /ɐ/, /aː/ + /ʟ/ > /ɑʟ/ [ɒˁː~ɑɤˁ] | ||
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*/iə/ is phonetically [iə] ([[Media:Tigall_é.ogg|listen]]). | */iə/ is phonetically [iə] ([[Media:Tigall_é.ogg|listen]]). | ||
*/iʟ/ is phonetically [iːɤˁ] ([[Media:Tigall_íl.ogg|listen]]). | */iʟ/ is phonetically [iːɤˁ] ([[Media:Tigall_íl.ogg|listen]]). | ||
*/ʉː/ is somewhat retracted close central rounded [ʉ̠ː] ([[Media:Tigall_ú.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is protruded. | */ʉː/ is somewhat retracted close central rounded [ʉ̠ː] ([[Media:Tigall_ú.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is protruded. | ||
*/uə/ is phonetically [uə] or [ʊə] ([[Media:Tigall_ó.ogg|listen]]). It is a monophthong [uː] for some speakers. | */uə/ is phonetically [uə] or [ʊə] ([[Media:Tigall_ó.ogg|listen]]). It is a monophthong [uː] for some speakers. | ||
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**In careful speech, this is a diphthong [ʊ̠ɤˁ]. | **In careful speech, this is a diphthong [ʊ̠ɤˁ]. | ||
*/ɪ/ is near-close near-front unrounded [ɪ] ([[Media:Tigall_i.ogg|listen]]). | */ɪ/ is near-close near-front unrounded [ɪ] ([[Media:Tigall_i.ogg|listen]]). | ||
*/ʊ/ is near-close near-back rounded [ʊ] or back rounded [ʊ̠] ([[Media:Tigall_u.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is protruded. | */ʊ/ is near-close near-back rounded [ʊ] or back rounded [ʊ̠] ([[Media:Tigall_u.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is protruded. | ||
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*/eː/ is close-mid front unrounded [eː] ([[Media:Tigall_aé.ogg|listen]]). | */eː/ is close-mid front unrounded [eː] ([[Media:Tigall_aé.ogg|listen]]). | ||
*/eʟ/ is phonetically [eːɤˁ] ([[Media:Tigall_aél.ogg|listen]]). | */eʟ/ is phonetically [eːɤˁ] ([[Media:Tigall_aél.ogg|listen]]). | ||
*/ɵː/ is somewhat retracted close-mid central rounded [ө̠ː] ([[Media:Tigall_aó.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is protruded. | */ɵː/ is somewhat retracted close-mid central rounded [ө̠ː] ([[Media:Tigall_aó.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is protruded. | ||
*/ɔʟ/ is open-mid near-back rounded [ɔˁː] ([[Media:Tigall_aol.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is compressed. | */ɔʟ/ is open-mid near-back rounded [ɔˁː] ([[Media:Tigall_aol.ogg|listen]]). Its rounding is compressed. | ||
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*/ɛ/ is open-mid front unrounded [ɛ] or mid near-front unrounded [ɛ̽] ([[Media:Tigall_e.ogg|listen]]). | */ɛ/ is open-mid front unrounded [ɛ] or mid near-front unrounded [ɛ̽] ([[Media:Tigall_e.ogg|listen]]). | ||
*/ɛʟ/ is phonetically [ɛ̞ɤˁ] ([[Media:Tigall_el.ogg|listen]]). | */ɛʟ/ is phonetically [ɛ̞ɤˁ] ([[Media:Tigall_el.ogg|listen]]). | ||
*[ə] is mid central unrounded [ə]. It is often fronted [ə̟] in pausa. | *[ə] is mid central unrounded [ə]. It is often fronted [ə̟] in pausa. | ||
*[ɤˁ] is close-mid compressed pharyngealized [ɤᵝˁ]. | *[ɤˁ] is close-mid compressed pharyngealized [ɤᵝˁ]. | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Allowed initial clusters in roots (in native words): | Allowed initial clusters in roots (in native words), not counting clusters from initial mutations: | ||
*''bl br cl cn cr dl dr fl fr gl gn gr ml mn mr ŋl ŋr (pl) (pr) sc scl scr (sp) sl sm sn sŋ sr st tn tl tr'' | *''bl br cl cn cr dl dr fl fr gl gn gr ml mn mr ŋl ŋr (pl) (pr) sc scl scr (sp) sl sm sn sñ sŋ sr st tn tl tr'' | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm | {{PAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm. | ||
*In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...") This originates from discursive uptalk in older forms of {{PAGENAME}}, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as Tumacan accents, do not use this pattern. | *In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...") This originates from discursive uptalk in older forms of {{PAGENAME}}, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as Tumacan accents, do not use this pattern. | ||
*In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?") | *In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?") | ||
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==Dialectology== | ==Dialectology== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} is subject to a fair amount of accentual and dialectal variation | {{PAGENAME}} is subject to a fair amount of accentual and dialectal variation. | ||
/ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones before /ɾ~l/ in some | /ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones before /ɾ~l/ in some accents. | ||
<!-- | |||
===Scádar accent=== | ===Scádar accent=== | ||
This dialect is most prominent in and around the Óc Eo (/ɵːk ɵː/ 'white rock', English: /ˈoʊk.oʊ/ "oak-oh") metropolitan area in Anbhair. | This dialect is most prominent in and around the Óc Eo (/ɵːk ɵː/ 'white rock', English: /ˈoʊk.oʊ/ "oak-oh") metropolitan area in Anbhair. | ||
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===Phormatin accent=== | ===Phormatin accent=== | ||
The majority accent of {{PAGENAME}} native speakers in Phormatin is a lot like Éise, except most notably the short vowels /ɛ œ ɔ/ raise to /ɪ ʏ ʊ/ before nasals and /ʟ/. Lax vowels are also slightly laxer than in Éise; Éise speakers often hear Phormatian lax vowels as schwas. | The majority accent of {{PAGENAME}} native speakers in Phormatin is a lot like Éise, except most notably the short vowels /ɛ œ ɔ/ raise to /ɪ ʏ ʊ/ before nasals and /ʟ/. Lax vowels are also slightly laxer than in Éise; Éise speakers often hear Phormatian lax vowels as schwas. | ||
==="Stage {{PAGENAME}}"=== | ==="Stage {{PAGENAME}}"=== | ||
So-called "Stage {{PAGENAME}}" is a semi-artificial standard developed for use in classical singing and other elevated stage performances. | So-called "Stage {{PAGENAME}}" is a semi-artificial standard developed for use in classical singing and other elevated stage performances. | ||
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*/ɾ/ may be trilled [r] | */ɾ/ may be trilled [r] | ||
*Short vowels before single C + V - the C is allophonically geminated | *Short vowels before single C + V - the C is allophonically geminated | ||
*Non-lambdic vowels are close to their | *Non-lambdic vowels are close to their standard counterparts, except /aː/ is pronounced [ɑː~ɒː] (close to its Classical Netagin counterpart) | ||
*/ɨ/ is pronounced [ɪ] | */ɨ/ is pronounced [ɪ] | ||
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===E pur si muove!=== | ===E pur si muove!=== | ||
''Sóibh argann argannaigh hú!'' | ''Sóibh argann argannaigh hú!'' | ||
===The North Wind and the Sun=== | ===The North Wind and the Sun=== | ||
====Phonetic version==== | ====Phonetic version==== | ||
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| index = | | index = | ||
}} | }} | ||
===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
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==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
--> | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category:Talmic languages]] | [[Category:Talmic languages]] | ||
[[Category:Quihum languages]] | [[Category:Quihum languages]] | ||
[[Category:Tricin]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||