Umbrean/Phonology

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Consonants

Allophones are in green

Alphabet Diatrics
Bilabial Labiode. Dental Alveol. Postalve. Retrofl. Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglot. Glottal
Plosives Unvoiced Normal p (p) pː (pp) t (t) tː (tt) k (k) kː (kk)
Labial tʷ (tw) t:ʷ (ttw) kʷ (kw)
Palat pʲ (pj) tʲ (tj) tʲː (ttj) kʲ (kj)
Lab-Pal tɥ (twj, tjw) tɥ: (ttwj, ttjw) kɥ (kwj, kjw)
Voiced Normal b (b) bː (bb) d (d) dː (dd) g (g) gː (gg)
Labial bʷ (bw) dʷ (dw) dʷː (ddw) gʷ (gw)
Palat dʲ (dj) dʲ: (ddj) gʲ (gj)
Lab-Pal dɥ (dwj, djw) dɥ: (ddwj, djw) gɥ (gwj, gjw)
Affricates Unvoiced Normal t͡s (ts) t͡ʃ (tš)
Labial t͡sʷ (tsw) t͡ʃʷ(tšw)
Palat t͡sʲ (tsj)
Lab-Pal t͡sɥ (tswj, tsjw)
Voiced Normal d͡z (dz) d͡ʒ (dž)
Labial d͡zʷ (dzw) d͡ʒʷ (džw)
Palat d͡zj (dzj)
Lab-Pal d͡zɥ (dzwj, dzjw)
Fricatives Unvoiced Normal f (f) fː (ff) s (s) sː (ss) ʃ (Š) ʃː (ŠŠ) x (Ğ) xː (ĞĞ)
Labial sʷ (sw) sʷː (ssw) ʃʷ (Šw) ʃʷː (ŠŠw) xʷ (Ğw)
Palat fʲ (fj) fʲː (ffj) sʲ (sj) sʲː (ssj)
Lab-Pal sɥ (sjw, swj) sɥː (ssjw, sswj)
Voiced Normal v (v) vː (vv) z (z) zː (zz) ʒ (Ž) ʒː (ŽŽ) ɣ ɣ:
Labial zʷ (zw) zwː (zzw) ʒʷ (Žw) ʒʷː (ŽŽw) ɣw3
Palat vʲ (vj) zʲ (zj)
Lab-Pal6 zɥ (zjw, zwj) zɥː (zzjw, zwj)
Lateral Fric.
Nasals Normal m (m) mː (mm) n (n) nː (nn) ŋ (ŋ) ŋ (ŋŋ)
Labial nʷ (nw) ŋʷ (ŋw)
Palat mʲ (mj) ŋʲ (ŋj) ŋʲː (ŋŋj)
Trills
Flaps/Taps
Glides Approxim.
Lateral Appr. Normal l (l) lː (ll)
Labial lʷ (lw)
Palat lʲ (lj)
Lab-Pal lɥ (ljw,lwj)
Co-art. Approx.


Allophones

Code Phoneme type
V Vowel
C Consonant
F Fricative
A Affricative
N Nasal
P Plosive


Consonants Circumstances Result
x V_V ɣ
xw V_V ɣw
x: V_V ɣ:
twtj _ tɥ
tjtw
dwdj _ dɥ
djdw
kwkj _ kɥ
kjkw
gwgj _ gɥ
gjgw
tw:tj _ tɥ:
tj:tw
twtj:
tjtw:
tw:tj:
tj:tw:
dw:dj _ dɥ:
dj:dw
dwdj:
djdw:
dw:dj:
dj:dw:
kw:kj _ kɥ:
kj:kw
kwkj:
kjkw:
kw:kj:
kj:kw:
gw:gj _ gɥ:
gj:gw
gwgj:
gjgw:
gw:gj:
gj:gw:
zwzj _ zɥ
zjzw
zw:zj _ zɥ:
zj:zw
zwzj:
zjzw:
zw:zj:
zj:zw:
swsj _ sɥ
sjsw
sw:sj _ sɥ:
sj:sw
swsj:
sjsw:
sw:sj:
sj:sw:
lwlj _ lɥ
ljlw