User:Ceige/*xorta
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Grammar
Verb Morphology
Mood (STAGE 1 DERIVATION)
| Proto Gloss | Proto Root | Lang1 Descendent | Lang2 Descendent | Lang3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| irrealis | -iθle- | *-ill-i- | -ill-e- | -li, -yar (emph), -yali (ли) |
| subjunctive | -suwi- | *-suvi- | -sujju-, -soow- | -suy, -byu, -yu (-ю) |
| conditional | -kondi- | *-Kũtsi > -Kussi | -gus-, -goos- | -kots, -koz, -kuz, -kuč (-куч) |
| optative | -opta- | *-upta- > -utta | -ooš- | -ota (-та, -от) |
| desirative | -desi- | *-(i)tsi- > -issi | -dezi- | -zi, -ži (-жы, -жи, -зи) |
| jussive | -yus(s)i- | *-jussi > -jussi | -yuzi- | -yuš (-юш) |
| potential | -pote- | *-Putsi > -Pussi | -bod | -pots, -pot, -poč (-поч) |
| imperative | -impe- | *-impi > -immi | -impe- | -ipya, -imya, -yap(ya), -ya (-япи, -имя, -я) |
| permissive | -peθmi- | *-Vinmi > -Vimmi | -wemmi | -pyam, -yam (-пям) |
| dubitive | -dupti- | *-Tuptsi, *Tupči, *-Tutši > -Tussi | -dooš | -duč, -dup (-дуч) |
| hortative | -hoθta | *-votta, *vunta > -vutta, -vunna | -honda | -hond, -hot, -hong (-хор(о), -хон, -ход) |
| debitive | -depti- | *-Tepči, *-Tetši etc > -sissi | -deeš | -deč, -dep, -dič (-дич, -деч) |
| admirative | -adm(i/a)- | *-atmi, -apmi > -ammi | -amma, -ammé | -ami, -amya, -dam, -(v)omy, -mya (-мя, -амя, -дам, -ами, -(в)ом(и)) |
| precative | -peθka- | *-Pekka, *-Penka > -Pikka, -Pinga | -wengga | -pyač (-пяч) |
| necessitive | *neke(si)- | *-neksi, *-neke > -nissi, -nigi (-nii) | -neigh | -neč, -nič (-нич, -неч) |
| interrogative | -inte- | *inte, *-ĩtsi > -issi | -inde, -iizi, -eez | -ič, -yač (-яч) |
Mood (STAGE 2 DERIVATION)
| Reanalysed root | Possible breakdown | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| *-kondi > -kũtsi | -k-ũ-tsi, -k-u-tsi | > -kussi, nasalisation might flip in sister languages (grammaticalised?) (possibility) |
| *-pote > -putsi | -p-ũ-tsi, -p-u-tsi | > -pussi, see -kussi (ability) |
| *-yussi > -jussi | -j-u-ssi, -j-u-tsi (?) | > -jussi (command, order) |
| *-desi > -tesi, -itsi | -(j)-i-tsi | > -issi (desire) |
| *-dupti > -Tuptsi | -tup-tši | > -tussi (doubt) |
| *-depti > -Teptsi | -tep-tši | > -tissi, -sissi (debt) |
| *-inte > -ĩtsi | -(j)-ĩ-tsi | > -issi (conflict!!) (questions) |
| *-impe > -impi | -(j)-im-pi | > -immi (order) |
| *-adm(i/a) > -atmi | -at-mi | > -ammi (admiration, wonderment) |
| *-peðmi > -petmi, penmi | -pet-mi | > -pimmi (permission) |
| k- | possibility, conditionality | |
| p- | ability, potential, (permission) | |
| j- | command, desire, question, order -> need something done? | |
| -ũ- | conditionality, potential (contraction of -u-mi-?) | |
| -i- | desire, questions, order -> ??? | |
| -ĩ- | questions, orders -> need something said or done? | |
| -mi | orders, admiration, permission -> thoughts (softens orders and requests?) | |
| -tsi | conditionality, potential, commands, desire, questions | |
| -tši | doubt, debt -> feelings (feeling of doubt, of being indebted to smth?) |