User:Chrysophylax/sketch-2
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Morphology
Nouns
Nouns fall into several noun classes, w- (animate), l-(tools), n-(spirits and locations), ø- (inanimate) which in turn are inflected for grammatical case and number (singular-plural)
Example paradigm for the animate noun dar
| Number | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | ẉ́dar | udári | |
| ergative | udárano | udáranoi | |
| vocative | udáre | udárei | |
Collective nouns may be formed by replication following CVC > CV-CVC, e.g., dano ‘fruit’ → dadano ‘a harvest of fruits’.
Pronouns
Pronouns have a slightly different set of inflections.
| First person singular "I" | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Plural | |
| absolutive | in | ini | |
| ergative | inis | inisi | |
| genitive | inisi | inisii | |
Example text
JRR Tolkien, LotR, pp 412-3:
- Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea!
- West Wind blew there; the light upon the Silver Tree
- Fell like bright rain in gardens of the Kings of old.
- O proud walls! White towers! O wingèd crown and throne of gold!
- O Gondor, Gondor! Shall men behold the Silver Tree,
- Or West Wind blow again between the Mountains and the Sea?
- Gondor! Gondor, daits nanarsizara
- gauts naits nuna ẉ́bolbezi; zazal daursibana ditso
- zal dodolzena unár udár dadaurisigora ẉ́dolbe.
Hūnnir hār Tanwār
ekʲãgs koymuns
- T, N → 0 / #_V
- ano ( ← dano) ‘fruit’, anar ( ← nanar) ‘mountain range’
Sketch 2a
- T K → θ χ / R_V
- arθano ( ← ardano) ‘tall fruit’ , arχaitso ( ← argaitso) ‘high stronghold’
- au → ō /
- adōr ( ← adaur)
- in polysyllabic words e, a, o → ø / _#
- arχaits ẉ́dar ( ← arχaitso ẉd́ar)
Sketch 2b
- N → 0 / V_V
- iis ( ← inis)
Sketch 2c
- e, i → je, ji / #_
- jedéro ( ← edéro), jin ( ← in)
- ai → æː
- gæːtso ( ← gaitso) ‘stronghold’
- j, w → ji, wi / _C
- wizazal ( ← ẉ́zazal) ‘jewellery smith’
- ṇ, ṛ, ḷ → in, ir, il / _C
- índor ( ← ṇ́dor) ‘place by river’
- oi → ū
- unstressed [front], [back] → ĭ, ə̆
- ardə̆nə̆ ( ← ardano), absolutive widə̆r (← wídar) ‘lord’ but ə̆dárə̆nə̆ ( ← udárano) in the ergative.
- loss of word-final ĭ and ə̆
- argæːts ( ← argæːtsə̆)
- fortition of ĭ, ə̆ → e, u / C_C
- arendur ( ← arĭndə̆r)
- loss of remaining ĭ and ə̆
- ergative dárun ( ← ə̆dárə̆n) ‘lord’
| Number | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | wídar | dar | |
| ergative | dárun (← ə̆dárə̆nə̆) | dárunu ( ← ə̆dárə̆nū) | |
| vocative | dar | dáre | |
| genitive | dárus ( ← ə̆dárə̆sĭ) | dáruse ( ← ə̆dárə̆sī) | |
| Number | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | arendur | arendur | |
| ergative | arendur (← arĭndə̆r) | arendur ( ← arĭndə̆r) | |
| vocative | arendur | arendur | |
| genitive | arendures( ← arĭndə̆rĭsĭ) | arenduresi ( ← arĭndə̆rĭsī) | |
wrādes bhasyos
Prima derivatio
- dar
- dal
- dan
- dats
- nar
- nal
- nan
- nats
- zar
- zal
- zan
- zats
- gar
- gal
- gan
- gats
- der
- del
- den
- dets
- ner
- nel
- nen
- nets
- zer
- zel
- zen
- zets
- ger
- gel
- gen
- gets
- dor
- dol
- don
- dots
- nor
- nol
- non
- nots
- zor
- zol
- zon
- zots
- gor
- gol
- gon
- gots
- dur
- dul
- dun
- duts
- nur
- nul
- nun
- nuts
- zur
- zul
- zun
- zuts
- gur
- gul
- gun
- guts
- dir
- dil
- din
- dits
- nir
- nil
- nin
- nits
- zir
- zil
- zin
- zits
- gir
- gil
- gin
- gits
- dair
- dail
- dain
- daits
- nair
- nail
- nain
- naits
- zair
- zail
- zain
- zaits
- gair
- gail
- gain
- gaits
- daur
- daul
- daun
- dauts
- naur
- naul
- naun
- nauts
- zaur
- zaul
- zaun
- zauts
- gaur
- gaul
- gaun
- gauts
Secunda derivatio
- da-dar
- da-dal
- da-dan
- da-dats
- na-nar
- na-nal
- na-nan
- na-nats
- za-zar
- za-zal
- za-zan
- za-zats
- ga-gar
- ga-gal
- ga-gan
- ga-gats
- de-der
- de-del
- de-den
- de-dets
- ne-ner
- ne-nel
- ne-nen
- ne-nets
- ze-zer
- ze-zel
- ze-zen
- ze-zets
- ge-ger
- ge-gel
- ge-gen
- ge-gets
- do-dor
- do-dol
- do-don
- do-dots
- no-nor
- no-nol
- no-non
- no-nots
- zo-zor
- zo-zol
- zo-zon
- zo-zots
- go-gor
- go-gol
- go-gon
- go-gots
- du-dur
- du-dul
- du-dun
- du-duts
- nu-nur
- nu-nul
- nu-nun
- nu-nuts
- zu-zur
- zu-zul
- zu-zun
- zu-zuts
- gu-gur
- gu-gul
- gu-gun
- gu-guts
- di-dir
- di-dil
- di-din
- di-dits
- ni-nir
- ni-nil
- ni-nin
- ni-nits
- zi-zir
- zi-zil
- zi-zin
- zi-zits
- gi-gir
- gi-gil
- gi-gin
- gi-gits
- da-dair
- da-dail
- da-dain
- da-daits
- na-nair
- na-nail
- na-nain
- na-naits
- za-zair
- za-zail
- za-zain
- za-zaits
- ga-gair
- ga-gail
- ga-gain
- ga-gaits
- da-daur
- da-daul
- da-daun
- da-dauts
- na-naur
- na-naul
- na-naun
- na-nauts
- za-zaur
- za-zaul
- za-zaun
- za-zauts
- ga-gaur
- ga-gaul
- ga-gaun
- ga-gauts