Tsimulh languages: Difference between revisions
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#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-'' = | #''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-'' = | ||
#''ma-'', pl. ''əwə-'' = tools, instruments, devices | #''ma-'', pl. ''əwə-'' = tools, instruments, devices | ||
#''č-'', pl. ''abi-'' = | #''č-'', pl. ''abi-'' = various... | ||
#''gu-'', pl. ''d-'' = | #''gu-'', pl. ''d-'' = | ||
#''σi-'', pl. ''wi-'' = time periods; things that are temporary (e.g. ice) | #''σi-'', pl. ''wi-'' = time periods; things that are temporary (e.g. ice) | ||
#''sə-'', pl. ''dus-'' = fluids (powder, water, liquids, fire, light, waves, wind, ...) | #''sə-'', pl. ''dus-'' = fluids (powder, water, liquids, fire, light, waves, wind, ...) | ||
#''t-'' = abstractions | #''t-'' = abstractions, manner, way | ||
#''t’em-'' = infinitives, verbal nouns | #''t’em-'' = infinitives, verbal nouns | ||
#''pda-'' = -ness, -hood | #''pda-'' = -ness, -hood |
Revision as of 00:22, 6 March 2018
The Tsimulh languages are a Trician language family mainly spoken in Txapoalli. The proto-language is Proto-Tsimulh, which is inspired by Tlingit and the Salish languages.
Todo
- -s: past tense, genitive
- -σi
- t-...-t for abstract nouns
- -iyad = augmentative
- Reduplication
- relativizer/relative forms for verbs
Phylogeny
Urheimat
Somewhere in Txapoalli
Phonology
Phonotactics
Tsimulh syllables are less complex than Salish but more so than Tlingit. CC clusters, including initial CC- clusters were allowed.
Consonants
A lot of consonants, but no liquids!
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | labialized | plain | labialized | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||||
Stop | plain | p | t | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | ||
voiced | b | d | g | gʷ | ḡ | ḡʷ | ||||
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | ||||
Affricate | plain | c | ξ | č | ||||||
voiced | z | ž | ||||||||
ejective | cʼ | ξʼ | čʼ | |||||||
Fricative | s | σ | š | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h | ||
Approximant | y | w |
Vowels
i ü u e ə o a /i y u e ə o a/
Stress
Penultimate.
Morphology
Nouns
Noun classes
Proto-Tsimulh had 13 noun classes:
- bu-, pl. cu- = humans
- ʔəσ-, pl. lə- = animals and other things that move on their own
- p-, pl. əpi- = plants and mushrooms
- s-, pl. yuš- = collections or large things: scʼaσ 'forest'
- ut-, pl. pσə- =
- ma-, pl. əwə- = tools, instruments, devices
- č-, pl. abi- = various...
- gu-, pl. d- =
- σi-, pl. wi- = time periods; things that are temporary (e.g. ice)
- sə-, pl. dus- = fluids (powder, water, liquids, fire, light, waves, wind, ...)
- t- = abstractions, manner, way
- t’em- = infinitives, verbal nouns
- pda- = -ness, -hood
Cases
- Nominative: -0
- Genitive: -s
Verbs
Noun class prefixes
- I = kʷə-
- you (sg) = xʷə-
- he = ʔə-
- we = wə-
- you (pl) = cə-
- Noun class prefixes:
- bu-, pl. cu-
- ʔəσ-, pl. lə-
- p-, pl. əpi-
- s-, pl. yuš-
- ut-, pl. pσə-
- ma-, pl. əwə-
- č-, pl. abi-
- gu-, pl. d-
- σi-, pl. wi-
- sə-, pl. dus-
- t-, no plural
- t’em-, no plural
- pda- (common for abstract nouns), no plural
Tense affixes
-s - past tense