Chlouvānem/Swadesh list: Difference between revisions
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|wrd005=''nani'' (informal, sometimes also formal for undefined groups)<br/>''yavyāta'' (formal, undefined groups)<br/>''yakaliyātam'' (formal, defined groups) | |wrd005=''nani'' (informal, sometimes also formal for undefined groups)<br/>''yavyāta'' (formal, undefined groups)<br/>''yakaliyātam'' (formal, defined groups) | ||
|wrd006=''toman'' | |wrd006=''toman'' | ||
|wrd007='' | |wrd007=''nenē'' | ||
|wrd008=''nanā'' <small>(medial: nunū)</small> | |wrd008=''nanā'' <small>(medial: nunū)</small> | ||
|wrd009=''ejulā'' | |wrd009=''ejulā'' | ||
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|wrd083=''dhāna'' | |wrd083=''dhāna'' | ||
|wrd084=''bhugrā'' | |wrd084=''bhugrā'' | ||
|wrd085='' | |wrd085=''pilēnas'' | ||
|wrd086=''kāraṇḍhai'' <small>(pl)</small> | |wrd086=''kāraṇḍhai'' <small>(pl)</small> | ||
|wrd087=''avṛcah'' | |wrd087=''avṛcah'' | ||
| Line 152: | Line 152: | ||
|wrd151=''daša'' | |wrd151=''daša'' | ||
|wrd152=''maita'' | |wrd152=''maita'' | ||
|wrd153='' | |wrd153=''gērisa'' | ||
|wrd154=''jariā'' | |wrd154=''jariā'' | ||
|wrd155=''nanūkah'' | |wrd155=''nanūkah'' | ||
| Line 161: | Line 161: | ||
|wrd160=''vælvah'' | |wrd160=''vælvah'' | ||
|wrd161=''yāmyah'' | |wrd161=''yāmyah'' | ||
|wrd162='' | |wrd162=''lairē'' | ||
|wrd163=''prātas'' | |wrd163=''prātas'' | ||
|wrd164=''kaiṭas'' | |wrd164=''kaiṭas'' | ||
| Line 172: | Line 172: | ||
|wrd171=''ñariāh'' | |wrd171=''ñariāh'' | ||
|wrd172=''ūnika'' (noun); ''ūnikake'' (ūnik-, verb) | |wrd172=''ūnika'' (noun); ''ūnikake'' (ūnik-, verb) | ||
|wrd173='' | |wrd173=''mæchliē'' (noun); ''mæchlike'' (mæchlь-, verb) | ||
|wrd174=pale yellow: ''yulta'' (noun); ''yultake'' (yult-, verb)<br/> golden yellow: ''chlirāma'' (noun); ''chlirāke'' (chlirā-, verb) | |wrd174=pale yellow: ''yulta'' (noun); ''yultake'' (yult-, verb)<br/> golden yellow: ''chlirāma'' (noun); ''chlirāke'' (chlirā-, verb) | ||
|wrd175=''pāṇḍa'' (noun); ''pāṇḍake'' (pāṇḍ-, verb) | |wrd175=''pāṇḍa'' (noun); ''pāṇḍake'' (pāṇḍ-, verb) | ||
Revision as of 21:07, 19 April 2018
| No. | English | Chlouvānem |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | lili |
| 2 | you (singular) | sāmi (informal) nani (formal superior) ravi (formal equal) kūri (formal inferior)[1] |
| 3 | he | tami (also "she, it"; titles are more frequently used) |
| 4 | we | main |
| 5 | you (plural) | nani (informal, sometimes also formal for undefined groups) yavyāta (formal, undefined groups) yakaliyātam (formal, defined groups) |
| 6 | they | toman |
| 7 | this | nenē |
| 8 | that | nanā (medial: nunū) |
| 9 | here | ejulā |
| 10 | there | āñjulā (medial: uñjulā) |
| 11 | who | yavita? |
| 12 | what | yananū? |
| 13 | where | yajulā? |
| 14 | when | yamiya? |
| 15 | how | yalīce? |
| 16 | not | gu(n) … ša[2] |
| 17 | all | yaiva |
| 18 | many | taili |
| 19 | some | sora |
| 20 | few | ṣūbha |
| 21 | other | viṣam |
| 22 | one | emibe, emi |
| 23 | two | dani |
| 24 | three | pāmvi |
| 25 | four | nęlte |
| 26 | five | šulka |
| 27 | big | sūrṣake (sūrṣ-) |
| 28 | long | mųrmake (mųrm-) |
| 29 | wide | švadhake (švadh-) |
| 30 | thick | ḍirake (ḍir-abl) |
| 31 | heavy | ūṭṇake (ūṭṇ-) |
| 32 | small | ñikake (ñik-) |
| 33 | short | chītake (chīt-abl) |
| 34 | narrow | šumbrake (šumb-abl (u→i)) |
| 35 | thin | ṭaɂake (ṭaɂ-) |
| 36 | woman | hulin |
| 37 | man (adult male) | dralkam |
| 38 | man (human being) | lila |
| 39 | child | samin |
| 40 | wife | laleichim, honorific: ħaitlañši |
| 41 | husband | rūdakis, honorific: šulañšoe |
| 42 | mother | meinā, honorific: nāḍima |
| 43 | father | bunā, honorific: tāmvāram |
| 44 | animal | švas |
| 45 | fish | dalьtah |
| 46 | bird | gūṇa |
| 47 | dog | thudam |
| 48 | louse | ṭaḍhūh |
| 49 | snake | māruḍa |
| 50 | worm | tūlum |
| 51 | tree | jñūm |
| 52 | forest | nanai |
| 53 | stick | daṇḍa |
| 54 | fruit | hælveh |
| 55 | seed | dūdha |
| 56 | leaf | nūlia |
| 57 | root | lǣca |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | ṇīṭah |
| 59 | flower | juniā |
| 60 | grass | humai |
| 61 | rope | pąnna |
| 62 | skin | ṇīṭah |
| 63 | meat | mædhram |
| 64 | blood | ūvṛṣam |
| 65 | bone | ḍulṭhīh |
| 66 | fat (noun) | ḍåtvam |
| 67 | egg | pomai |
| 68 | horn | ṭaiɂa |
| 69 | tail | laiṭa |
| 70 | feather | ḍåsmuh |
| 71 | hair | pārās (pl) |
| 72 | head | lāṇṭam |
| 73 | ear | minnūlia; literary: mindṛṣūs |
| 74 | eye | mešīn; literary: mešīlgis, nāhim |
| 75 | nose | nālkum |
| 76 | mouth | dehām |
| 77 | tooth | aṣṭras |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | jeltā |
| 79 | fingernail | kaipē; literary: damītah, parṣūs |
| 80 | foot | junai |
| 81 | leg | pājya; literary: peithṛṣūs |
| 82 | knee | dækṣuh |
| 83 | hand | dhāna |
| 84 | wing | bhugrā |
| 85 | belly | pilēnas |
| 86 | guts | kāraṇḍhai (pl) |
| 87 | neck | avṛcah |
| 88 | back | joraṇa |
| 89 | breast | maula |
| 90 | heart | taugikā; togīn |
| 91 | liver | ṭarkas |
| 92 | to drink | mulke (mul-abl) |
| 93 | to eat | yųlake (yųl-abl) |
| 94 | to bite | švinake (švin-abl) |
| 95 | to suck | mukke (mukk-abl) |
| 96 | to spit | ette (et-) |
| 97 | to vomit | gåtnake (gåtn-) |
| 98 | to blow | ghūmake (ghūm-abl) |
| 99 | to breathe | dīvake (dīv-abl) |
| 100 | to laugh | huppake (hupp-abl) |
| 101 | to see | mišake (miš-abl) |
| 102 | to hear | milge (mind-) |
| 103 | to know | tṛlake (tṛl-abl) |
| 104 | to think | nilyake (nily-abl) |
| 105 | to smell | ṣurgake (ṣurg-abl (u→i)) |
| 106 | to fear | tvorgake (tvorg-) |
| 107 | to sleep | pugle (pugl-abl) |
| 108 | to live | lilke (lil-ah; abl) |
| 109 | to die | ḍūkke (ḍuk-ah; abl) |
| 110 | to kill | kaudṛke (kau-dṛ-abl) or causative forms of ḍūkke (ḍuk-ah; abl) |
| 111 | to fight | huṃħake (huṃħ-abl (u→i)) |
| 112 | to hunt | pumnake (pumn-abl) |
| 113 | to hit | tulge (tug-abl) |
| 114 | to cut | guṃsake (guṃs-abl) |
| 115 | to split | cæšake (cæš-) |
| 116 | to stab | ikhlake (ikhl-abl) |
| 117 | to scratch | prubake (prub-abl+) |
| 118 | to dig | bleikke (bleik-) |
| 119 | to swim | monodir.: lįke (lih-abl; irr[3]); multidir.: lærṣake (lærṣ-) |
| 120 | to fly | monodir.: mugdhe (mudh-abl); multidir.: mordhake (mordh-) |
| 121 | to walk | monodir.: lulke (lun-abl; irr[4]); multidir.: peithake (peith-irr[5]) |
| 122 | to come | mū(g)- prefix before any motion verb (e.g. mūflulke, mūpeithake, mūglįke, mūglærṣake…) |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | tokte (ta-ut-abl; irr); root -ut- plus any positional prefix. |
| 124 | to sit | tamirte (ta-mirt-irr); root -mirt- plus any positional prefix. |
| 125 | to stand | tatiāke (ta-tiā-irr); root -tiā- plus any positional prefix. |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | aphake (aph-irr); exterior forms are transitive, interior ones intransitive. |
| 127 | to fall | heṣṭvake (heṣṭv-) |
| 128 | to give | męlike (męlь-) |
| 129 | to hold | nænike (nænь-) |
| 130 | to squeeze | bæmnake (bæmn-) |
| 131 | to rub | lišvake (lišv-abl) |
| 132 | to wash | mutake (mut-abl (u→i)) |
| 133 | to wipe | boglišvake (bog-lišv-abl) |
| 134 | to pull | monodir.: khulike (khulь-abl); multidir.: kharliake (kharlь-) |
| 135 | to push | norake (nor-) |
| 136 | to throw | kunake (kun-abl) |
| 137 | to tie | chladyake (chlady-) |
| 138 | to sew | ħarṣṭake (ħarṣṭ-) |
| 139 | to count | niañake (niañ-) |
| 140 | to say | kulke (kul-abl (u→i)) |
| 141 | to sing | lijake (lij-abl) |
| 142 | to play | ħulde (ħuld-abl)[6] |
| 143 | to float | in the air: monodir.: yaṃške (yaṃš-inv abl); multidir.: īraške (īraš-); on water: monodir.: uṭake (uṭ-abl); multidir.: arṭake (arṭ-) |
| 144 | to flow | buñjñake (buñjñ-abl) |
| 145 | to freeze | tæñailūrake (tæ-ñailū:ra-) |
| 146 | to swell | lkurtake (lkurt-abl) |
| 147 | sun | hånna |
| 148 | moon | huliā |
| 149 | star | ñaiṭa |
| 150 | water | maila |
| 151 | rain | daša |
| 152 | river | maita |
| 153 | lake | gērisa |
| 154 | sea | jariā |
| 155 | salt | nanūkah |
| 156 | stone | tāmira |
| 157 | sand | chlebam |
| 158 | dust | paʔeh |
| 159 | earth | bhælā |
| 160 | cloud | vælvah |
| 161 | fog | yāmyah |
| 162 | sky | lairē |
| 163 | wind | prātas |
| 164 | snow | kaiṭas |
| 165 | ice | ñailūh |
| 166 | smoke | raikas |
| 167 | fire | javyāh (good); kūrokas (bad) |
| 168 | ash | måris (singular only) |
| 169 | to burn | jervyaike (jervyai-) |
| 170 | road | ūnima; līlta (especially unpaved) |
| 171 | mountain | ñariāh |
| 172 | red | ūnika (noun); ūnikake (ūnik-, verb) |
| 173 | green | mæchliē (noun); mæchlike (mæchlь-, verb) |
| 174 | yellow | pale yellow: yulta (noun); yultake (yult-, verb) golden yellow: chlirāma (noun); chlirāke (chlirā-, verb) |
| 175 | white | pāṇḍa (noun); pāṇḍake (pāṇḍ-, verb) |
| 176 | black | murka (noun); murkake (murk-, verb) |
| 177 | night | laliā |
| 178 | day | pārṇam |
| 179 | year | heirah |
| 180 | warm | sensation: jāmįrah (noun); jāmįrjānake (jān-, verb); to the touch: khæñcas (noun); khæñcajānake (jān-, verb) |
| 181 | cold | sensation: jålkha (noun); jålkhajānake (jān-, verb); to the touch: ṭhūrgas (noun); ṭhūrgajānake (jān-, verb) |
| 182 | full | smurake (smur-) |
| 183 | new | lališake (lališ-) |
| 184 | old | gęṇṭake (gęṇṭ-) |
| 185 | good | miąre |
| 186 | bad | garpake (garp-) |
| 187 | rotten | volgrake (volgr-) |
| 188 | dirty | sījhake (sījh-) |
| 189 | straight | svātrake (svātr-) |
| 190 | round | ñęrcake (ñęrc-) |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | thiḍausake {thiḍ-aus-) |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | kuṇḍhake (kuṇḍh-) |
| 193 | smooth | ninnake (ninn-abl) |
| 194 | wet | tarike (tarь-) (participles) |
| 195 | dry | būṃṣake (būṃṣ-) |
| 196 | correct | svātārṣake (svātārṣ-) |
| 197 | near | muhike (muhь-) |
| 198 | far | durḍhāvake (durḍhau-) |
| 199 | right | jlitimas |
| 200 | left | vyātimas |
| 201 | at | ta-, mū(g)-, šr- (verbal prefixes) |
| 202 | in | plain locative case; na(ñ)-, glь- (verbal prefixes) |
| 203 | with | lā (+ essive) (comitative); instrumental case (instrumental) |
| 204 | and | no (complete list; also between related sentences), lasь (incomplete list) sama (between sentences only) |
| 205 | if | hypothetical mood |
| 206 | because | tī; menni; consequential secondary moods |
| 207 | name | haloe |
Notes
- ^ Given names with the appropriate titles are often used instead of these pronouns.
- ^ -n before vowels. The ša part of the circumfix is omitted if the verb is used attributively or if the interrogative particle dam is present.
- ^ Behaves as lis- before consonants.
- ^ Suppletive; irregular present tense.
- ^ Suppletive.
- ^ "To play" for musical instruments is translated differently depending on the instrument: tulge for percussions, ghūmake for aerophones, prṣake for stringed instruments not played with a bow and keyboards, and lišvake for stringed instruments played with a bow. "To play a melody" is sumorake.