Tigol

Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages

Tigol/Lexicon

Tigol (TEE-gol, in Tioccál from Thensarian Tincatlom; Eevo: Tygol; Anbirese: Tigol) is a Talmic language which arose from northern dialects of Proto-Talmic. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages.

Todo

• Óc Eo

Primitive Eevo

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	voiceless		t /t/			k /k/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Fricative	voiceless			s /s/			h /h/
	voiced			[z]
Trill				r /r/
Approximant		w /ʋ/	l /l/		j /j/

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i /i/	ī /iː/			u /u/	ū /uː/
Mid	e /ɛ/				o /ɔ/
Open			a /a/	ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ai au ei eu iu oi ui.

Todo

• Agcaoili - a name
• ull = place name morpheme (eul- in Anbirese)
• Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name
  • Eulsjeondamkjeom in Anbir
• ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ
• dobanis > dobh = to be like
• change ħ to ŋ
• immer < *φimmirae < φinae mirae = now
• Verb prefixes:
  • ar-: on, at
  • (deut.) as-: telic
  • (prot.) de-, (deut.) do-: in, at
  • é-: with, co-
  • fin-/sin- = well, thoroughly
  • for-: causative, through
  • (prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-: around, back
  • imm-: immediately
  • (prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-: up, out
  • ro-: down
  • sol-: a causative
  • (prot.) su-, (deut.) so-: towards
  • (prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-: back
  • (prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-: from
• Derivational affixes:
  • -ach = verbal noun
  • -aitt = adjectivizer
  • -all = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
  • an-/é- = intensive; 'very'
• -óid = origin suffix
• A nDessachthar = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
• *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose").

1. i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
2. a-affection: Short *i and *u are lowered to e and o when the following syllable contains a non-high back vowel (*a, *ā, *o, *ō).
3. u-affection: Short *a, *e, *i are broken to short diphthongs au, eu, iu when the following syllable contains a *u or *ū that was later lost. It is assumed that at the point the change operated, u-vowels that were later lost were short *u while those that remain were long *ū. The change operates after i-affection so original *e may end up as iu.

Orthography

Talmic script; borrow h from Windermere script

Phonology

Consonants

• b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t /p kʰ t f k l m n ŋ pʰ r s tʰ/
• "Lenition": ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h mh ph sh th /b gʰ d fʰ g h mʰ bʰ sʰ dʰ/
• "Eclipsis": mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt /ᵐb ᵑkʰ ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐpʰ ⁿs ⁿtʰ/
• Geminates: cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/

Vowels

• a e i o u /a e i o u/
• á é í ó ú /aː eː iː oː uː/
• ai ei io oi ui
• ae ao ái éi eo éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí /ae ao ai ei eo: ø: ia i:o y: iu: o:i oi: ua u:i ui:/

All five short vowels a e i o u could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.

Morphology

Main article: Tigol/Morphology

Poetry

Tigol poetry from the time when Tigol was living uses the Welsh cynghanedd system.

• In Amroctaíḃ Óc Eo = The Chronicles of Óc Eo