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'''Tengos''' (''tengos xut'' [tʰeɳ̩gos xɯt] | '''Tengos''' (''tengos'' [tʰeɳ̩gos] ‘word’ or ''tengos xut'' [tʰeɳ̩gos xɯt] ‘sky-word’) or '''Tengosic''' is an extinct language isolate spoken by the ancient Xunten, who probably constituted part of the [[wikipedia:Kangju|Kangju]] federation by the ancient oasis of [[wikipedia:Tashkent|Tashkent]] in Central Asia. Tengos has no demonstrable relatives and is generally classified a [[wikipedia:language isolate|language isolate]]. Using an adapted version of [[wikipedia:Akkadian cuneiform|Akkadian cuneiform]], Xunten writers have left over 300 lengthy inscriptions, which has allowed the understanding of a significant amount of the language. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
==Phonology and phonotactics== | ==Phonology and phonotactics== | ||
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The history of writing Tengos is long and varied. Originally written with an adapted form of Akkadian cuneiform, it now regularly romanized using the RST. | The history of writing Tengos is long and varied. Originally written with an adapted form of Akkadian cuneiform, it now regularly romanized using the RST. | ||
====Borodin scheme==== | ====Borodin scheme==== | ||
The language was first given a romanisation by Prof. Jean-Claude Borodin in 1923 at the National University of Uzbekistan (then called First Central Asian State University). His scheme, also known as the '''Borodin scheme''' | The language was first given a romanisation by Prof. Jean-Claude Borodin in 1923 at the National University of Uzbekistan (then called First Central Asian State University). His scheme, also known as the '''Borodin scheme''' assigns the following graphemes to the vowels: | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
⟨a⟩ = /ɑ/ | ⟨a⟩ = /ɑ/ | ||
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⟨ou⟩ = /u/ | ⟨ou⟩ = /u/ | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
Borodin also published a list of the adapted cuneiform signs with their basic meaning in French. | Borodin also published a list of the adapted cuneiform signs with their basic meaning in French. | ||
====Revised Tengosic Transcription==== | ====Revised Tengosic Transcription==== | ||
Revised Tengosic Transcription or Revised Borodin is the latest method of romanizing Tengos. While originally only modifying Borodin's transcription rules, it now also formally includes rules for the transliteration of the cuneiform signs. | Revised Tengosic Transcription or Revised Borodin is the latest method of romanizing Tengos. While originally only modifying Borodin's transcription rules, it now also formally includes rules for the transliteration of the cuneiform signs. | ||
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⟨ü⟩ = /u/ | ⟨ü⟩ = /u/ | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
The language's typical vowel diaphora is never indicated in the transcription, as such the language's name is written ''tengos xut'' /tengɤs xɯt/ [tengos xɯt] and not ''tengös xut''. | |||
<poem> | |||
⟨m⟩ = /m/ | |||
⟨p⟩ = /p/ | |||
⟨b⟩ = /b/ | |||
⟨f⟩ = /f/ | |||
⟨v⟩ = /v/ | |||
⟨n⟩ = /n/ | |||
⟨s⟩ = /s/ | |||
⟨t⟩ = /t/ | |||
⟨d⟩ = /d/ | |||
⟨c⟩ = /ʃ/ | |||
⟨j⟩ = /ʒ/ | |||
⟨tc⟩ =/t͡ʃ/ | |||
⟨tj⟩ = /d͡ʒ/ | |||
⟨r⟩ = /r/ | |||
⟨y⟩ = /j/ | |||
⟨l⟩ = /l/ | |||
⟨k⟩ = /k/ | |||
⟨g⟩ = /g/ | |||
⟨x⟩ = /x/ | |||
⟨w⟩ = /ɰ/ | |||
</poem> | |||
The consonants remain the same as in the Borodin scheme with the exception ⟨y⟩ = /j/. The transliteration of the Cuneiform is done using the Borodin list as well with a few modifications. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
The basic structure is CV(C) | The basic structure is CV(C) | ||
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===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||