Solerian

Solerian
Սօլէ́ր Soléṟ
Pronunciation	[solˈeɹ]
Created by	Newrhotic
Date	2013
Writing systems	Armenian Latin
Sources	a priori

Solerian (Armenian: Սօլէ́ր, Latin: Soléṟ, /solˈeɹ/) is a highly alveolarized language, with a moderately large consonant inventory, and 15 grammatical cases. It is spoken by no one as it is still under construction and, for the same reasons, it has no native speakers. Its origin traces back to January 2013 and it still has a long way to go. Its bigger peculiarity might be the presence of speech function markers (statement/question/command/offer/irony) realized by click consonants.

Overview

	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Nouns	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Adjectives	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adverb	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Particle	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No

Phonology

Consonants and semi-vowels

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Lateral
Nasal	m			n		ɲ	[ŋ]
Plosive	p · b		d̪	t		ɟ	k · g
Affricate					t͡ʃ	[ɟ͡ʝ]
Fricative		f	θ	s · [z]	ʃ		x
Approximant	w · [β̞]		[ð̞]	ɹ		j	[ɣ̞]
Trill				r
Flap or tap				ɾ
Lateral app.				l
Clicks	ʘ		ǀ	ǃ		ǂ		ǁ

Phonetic notes

The phonemes /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are realized as approximants (namely [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞], hereafter represented without the undertack) or fricatives in all places except after a pause, after a nasal consonant, or —in the case of /d/— after a lateral consonant; in such contexts they are realized as voiced stops.

The phoneme /n/ is realized as a voiced velar nasal [ŋ] before velar /k/, /g/ and /x/.

The phoneme /ɟ/ is realized as an plosive in all contexts except after a pause, a nasal, or a lateral. In these environments, it may be realized as an affricate ([ɟʝ]).

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i u e̞ ə o̞ ɛ ä
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Dipthongs

Falling
[äj]	€€	'€'	[äw]	€€	'€'
[e̞j]	sáṟdejp	'infinite'	[e̞w]	€€	'€'
[o̞j]	naṙój	'sadness'	[o̞w]	€	'€'
[uj]	€€	'€'
Rising
[jä]	€€	'€'	[wä]	€€	'€'
[je̞]	€€	'€'	[we̞]	€€	'€'
			[wi]	€€	'€'
[jo̞]	€€	'€'	[wo̞]	€€	'€'
[ju]	€€	'€'

Phonotactics

Onset		Core			Coda		Coda II
(C1)	(C2)	(SV1)	V	(SV2)	(C3)	(C2)	-(Vn)
b	l/ṙ/ṟ	j/w	a/e/i/o/u	j/w	€	€	ɛ/ə
c
d	l/ṙ/ṟ
f	l/r/ṙ/ṟ
g	l/n/ṙ/ṟ
k	l/n/r/ṙ/ṟ
l
m	l				m
n					n
ñ
p	f/l/r/ṙ/ṟ/s/š
r
ṙ
ṟ
s	l/p/ṟ/t
š	l/r/ṙ/ṟ
t	l/r/ṙ/ṟ/s				t	l/s
x
y
z	ṙ

Orthography

Grapheme	Ա ա	Է է	Ի ի	Օ օ	Ո ո	Ե ե	Ը ը	Յ յ	Ւ ւ
Name	այբ ajb	է e	ի́նի íni	օ o	բո bu	յէճ jec	էտ et	յի ji	ւին win
Pronunciation	/ä/	/e̞/	/i/	/o̞/	/u/	/ɛ/	/ə/	/j/	/w/
Transliteration	A a	E e	I i	O o	U u	Ɛ ɛ	Ə ə	J j	W w

Grapheme	Բ բ	Ճ ճ	Դ դ	Ֆ ֆ	Գ գ	Կ կ	Լ լ	Մ մ	Ն ն	Ժ ժ	Պ պ	Ռ ռ	Ղ ղ	Ր ր	Ս ս	Շ շ	Տ տ	Խ խ	Ջ ջ	Ց ց
Name	բէն ben	ճէ ce	դա da	ֆէ fe	գիմ gim	կէն ken	լյոն ljun	մէն men	նո nu	ժէ ñe	պէ pe	ռա ra	ղատ ṙat	րէ ṟe	սէ se	շա ša	տյոն tjun	խէ xe	ջա ya	ցօ zo
Pronunciation	/b/	/t͡ʃ/	/d/	/f/	/g/	/k/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/ɲ/	/p/	/r/	/ɾ/	/ɹ/	/s/	/∫/	/t/	/x/	/ɟ/	/θ/
Transliteration	B b	C c	D d	F f	G g	K k	L l	M m	N n	Ñ ñ	P p	R r	Ṙ ṙ	Ṟ ṟ	S s	Š š	T t	X x	Y y	Z z

Grapheme	Name	Pronunciation	Transliteration	Use
ՙ	պան pan	/ʘ/	*	Statement marker (emphatic)
՞	կլօն klon	/!/	?	Question marker
՜	տէն ten	/ǀ/	!	Command marker
՛	ճիմ cim	/ǁ/	#	Suggestion marker
՟	ջէն yen	/ǂ/	⸮	Irony marker

Morphology

In Solerian, as well as in the rest of languages, there are different types of words: Nouns, adjetives, verbs…

Nouns

Nouns are words used to designate people, animals, ideas, concepts and so on. Some examples:

• €€€: house
• €€€: child
• €€€: freedom

There are two kinds of names:

• Common nouns: €€€
• Proper nouns: €€€

Grammar

Gender and number

Nouns in Solerian can be abstract, inanimate, or animate.

• Abstract gender englobes ideas, actions or abstractions: race, jump, freedom.
• Inanimate gender refers to tangible non-living beings: stone, sun, window.
• Animate gender unites living beings: bird, person, doctor.
  • Although it is not required, sex can be specified by adding to the noun the suffix -ə for masculine, and -ɛ for femenine nouns.

Regarding number, there are three categories nouns can fall in:

• Singular, portraying only one entity: The car, a cat.
• Dual, for natural pairs: eyes, the couple, a pair of trousers.
• Plural, for two or more entities: The cars, four women.

Personal pronouns

Singular personal pronouns

	Abstract	Inanimate	Animate
			Unspecified	Gender
				Masculine	Femenine
Zero person	Lo	-	-	-	-
First person	-	-	Ale	Alə	Alɛ
Second person	-	-	Bale	Balə	Balɛ
Third person	Calo	Cali	Cale	Calə	Calɛ
Fourth person	-	-	Dale	-	-

Dual personal pronouns

	Abstract	Inanimate	Animate
First person	-	-	Alele
Second person	-	-	Balele
Third person	Calolo	Calili	Calele

Plural personal pronouns

		Abstract	Inanimate	Animate
First person	Exclusive	-	-	Aleßv
	Inclusive	-	-	Abaleßv
Second person		-	-	Baleßv
Third person		Caloßv	Calißv	Caleßv

Numerals

Solerial numeral system is heavily decimal. Numbers are arranged in sets:

• Pom: numbers from 0 to 9.
• Daki: sets of ten, or denaries (all the x*10 numbers).
• Fentv: sets of hundred (all the x*10² numbers).
• Иare: sets of thousand (all the x*10³ numbers).
• Xvsti: sets of million (all the x*10⁶ numbers).
• Яaze: sets of trillion (all the x*10¹² numbers).

Pom numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Daki numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Fentv numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals
0	ṙajni	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1	tṙepye(pom)	tṙepyepono	10	tṙepyedaki	tṙepyedakigi	100	tṙepyefentv	tṙepyefentvdv
2	ganse(pom)	gansepono	20	gansedaki	gansedakigi	200	gansefentv	gansefentvdv
3	likli(pom)	liklipono	30	liklidaki	liklidakigi	300	liklifentu	liklifentvdv
4	flastez(pom)	flastezpono	40	flastesdaki	flastesdakigi	400	flastezfentv	flastezfentvdv
5	bostaṙ(pom)	bostaṙpono	50	bostaṙdaki	bostaṙdakigi	500	bostaṙfentv	bostaṙfentvdv
6	kortet(pom)	kortetpono	60	kortetaki	kortetakigi	600	kortetfentv	kortetfentvdv
7	иvsi(pom)	иvsipono	70	иvsidaki	иvsidakigi	700	иvsifevtv	иvsifentvdv
8	lolto(pom)	loltopono	80	loltodaki	loltodakigi	800	loltofentv	loltofentudv
9	nuarif(pom)	nuarifpono	90	nuarifdaki	nuarifdakigi	900	nuarifentv	nuarifentvdv

Иare numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Xvsti numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Яaze numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals
1 000	tṙepyeиare	tṙepyeиareṙe	1 000 000	tṙepyexvsti	tṙepyexvstidi	1012	tṙepyeяaze	tṙepyeяazese
2 000	ganseиare	ganseиareṙe	2 000 000	gansexvsti	gansexvstidi	2*1012	ganseяaze	ganseяazese
3 000	likliиare	likliиareṙe	3 000 000	liklixvsti	liklixvstidi	3*1012	likliяaze	likliяazese
4 000	flastezиare	flastezиareṙe	4 000 000	flasteßvsti	flasteßvstidi	4*1012	flastezяaze	flastezяazese
5 000	bostaṙиare	bostaṙиareṙe	5 000 000	bostaꝛxvsti	bostaꝛxvstidi	5*1012	bostaяaze	bostaяazese
6 000	kortetиare	kortetиareṙe	6 000 000	kortetxvsti	kortetxvstidi	6*1012	kortetяaze	kortetяazese
7 000	иvsiиare	иvsiиareṙe	7 000 000	иvsixvsti	иvsixvstidi	7*1012	иvsiяaze	иvsiяazese
8 000	loltoиare	loltoиareṙe	8 000 000	loltoxvsti	loltoxvstidi	8*1012	loltoяaze	loltoяazese
9 000	nuarifиare	nuarifиareṙe	9 000 000	nuarifxvsti	nuarifxvstidi	9*1012	nuarifяaze	nuarifяazese

Numbers are arranged in order, from bigger to smaller (a*10ⁱ + b*10^i-1 + … + w*10³ + x*10² + y*10 + z).

Some examples:

• 23: gansedaki likli(pom)
• 749: иvsifentv flastezdaki nuarif(pom)
• 184922: tṙepyefentv loltodaki flastesиare nuarifentv gansedaki ganse(pom)
• #18 : tṙepyedakigi loltopono

Grammatical cases

Case (particle)	Usage	Solerian	English
Nominative (·aяa)	agent
Accusative (·bяe)	patient
Dative (·kuя)	recipient
Genitive (·eя)	relationship, possession
Benefactive (·foя)	beneficiary
Instrumental (·axra)	instrument
Privative (·tix)	lacking something
Essive-Modal (·ux)	manner of doing something
Commitative (·ex)	accompanied by sth/sb
Causal-final (·ox)	efficient or final cause
Ablative (·af)	movement away from something
Lative (·if)	movement to something
Locative (·duf)	location
Partitive (·ef)	used for amounts
Temporal (·of)	specifying a time

Syntax

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