Aeranir: Difference between revisions

{{construction}}

{{Infobox language

|creator=Limius

|setting=''[[Avrid]]''

| state = [[Telrhamir]], [[Iscaria]], [[Aeranid Empire]]

| ethnicity = Aeran

|ancestor2=[[Proto-Iscaric]]

|ancestor3=[[Aeranir#Old Aeranir|Old Aeranir]]

| nation = [[Aeranid Empire]]

| minority = [[Iscaria]], [[S'entin]], [[Tevrén]]

| notice = IPA

}}

:{{interlinear | box=yes

| tell-PFV.3SG.C Ilius-DAT.SG Rascanus-NOM.SG book-ACC.SG read-INF

|'Rascanus told Ilius that he was reading a book'}}

:{{interlinear | box=yes

| drink-PFV.3SG.E <nowiki>=</nowiki>2SG tea-ACC.SG

|'You drank the tea'}}

:{{interlinear | box=yes

| tea-NOM.SG 2SG<nowiki>=</nowiki> drink-PFV.PTCP-E.NOM.SG

|'The tea you drank'}}

* [[w:Genitive case|Genitive]]: ''sī rēnis'': 'of this king'

* [[w:Dative case|Dative]]: ''seō rēnī'': 'to/for this king'

* [[w:Locative case|Locative]]: ''sīs rēnīs'': 'at/with the king'

Sometimes the same endings, e.g. ''-ī'' and ''-ēs'', are used for more than one case. Since the function of a word in Aeranir is shown by ending rather than word order, in theory ''requor rēnī'' could mean either 'I return to the king' or 'I return from the king.' In practice, however, such ambiguities are rare.

:{{interlinear | box=yes

| drink-PFV.MID.3SG.E tea-NOM.SG 1PL.PRO-DAT time-LOC.SG pass-PFV.PTCP-T.LOC.SG 2SG<nowiki>=</nowiki> make-PFV.PTCP-E.NOM.SG pour-PFV.PTCP-E.NOM.SG well

|'The tea you made us last time was delicious' (lit. '~drank well')}}

:{{interlinear | box=yes

|drink-MID.3SG.E this-E.NOM.SG tea-NOM.SG well

|'This tea tastes good' (lit. 'it drinks well')}}

:{{interlinear | box=yes

|drink-PAS.3SG.E this-E.NOM.SG tea-NOM.SG well

|'This tea is drunk often'}}

|- style="text-align:center;"

! Active

| ''to love<br>(someone)''

| '''''aehāhī'''''<br>''-hī''

|- style="text-align:center;"

! Middle

| '''''aehāiēs'''''<br>''-iēs''

| ''to love''

|- style="text-align:center;"

! Passive

| '''''aehātus fiēs'''''<br>''<small>{{Smallcaps|PFV.PTCP}}</small> + fiēs''

| ''to be loved''

|- style="text-align:center;"

! Causative

| ''to make (someone)<br>love (someone)''

| '''''aehātīhī'''''<br>''-tīhī''

| ''to have made<br>(someone) love<br>(someone)''

|}

=====Uses of the infinitive=====

The infinitive in Aeranir can be used to report indirect speech, hearsay, speculation, or sensation.

:{{interlinear | box=yes

| hear-PFV.3SG.C <nowiki>=</nowiki>1SG Mussa-ABL.SG Limius-GEN.SG friend-GEN.PL <nowiki>=</nowiki>and newly home-ACC.SG build-INF

|'I heard from Mussa that Limius and their friends are building a new house'}}

The gerund in Aeranir is a infinite verb form which displays characteristics of both a noun and a verb.  It declines for a limited scope of cases (although not for gender nor number), but can take object and adjunct arguments like a verb.  It usually has an adverbial/adjectival meaning, and never agrees with the main verb.

===== Forming the gerund =====

* A-grade verbs: {{gcl|ROOT|root}}''-annū''; e.g. ''iuvāhan'' ('to write') → '''''iuvannū''''' ('whilst writing').

* I-grade verbs: {{gcl|ROOT|root}}''-iennū''; e.g. ''cītīhan'' ('to cut') → '''''cītiennū''''' ('whilst cutting').

* E-grade verbs: {{gcl|ROOT|root}}''-ennū''; e.g. ''aquēhan'' ('to be open') → '''''aquennū''''' ('whilst open').

===== Uses of the gerund =====

The meaning of the gerund changes depending on its case.  The essive and locative can be used to indicate temporal action in relation to the main action of a sentence.  The essive indicates simultaneous action, i.e. two actions that cooccur.  This may be relayed in English via the conjunction 'whilst.'

:{{interlinear | box = yes

| COP-T.3PL sibling-NOM.PL 1SG-DAT six

|'I have six siblings'

| if [''imperfective aspect''] then [''subjunctive mood'']<br>e.g. ''intlae furentīs mollent tahrer''—'if it rains, the shingles might leak'

|}

==Late Aeranir inovations==