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Alpatho-Hirtic languages: Difference between revisions
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|region = [[w:Europe|Central and far East Europe]] | |region = [[w:Europe|Central and far East Europe]] | ||
|fam1=One of the world's primary [[w:Language family|language families]] | |fam1=One of the world's primary [[w:Language family|language families]] | ||
|familycolor = | |familycolor = oronaic | ||
|child1=Alpian | |child1=[[Alpian languages|Alpian]] | ||
|child2=[[Carpathian languages|Carpathian]] | |child2=[[Carpathian languages|Carpathian]] | ||
|child3=Hirtian | |child3=Hirtian | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The Alpatho-Hirtic languages, also known as '''Oronaic''', are spoken in regions of the Alps and the Carpathians as well as in the northern part of the Ural Mountains in Russia. The Oronaic family consists of six languages, spoken by approximately 400,000 people. | The Alpatho-Hirtic languages, also known as '''Oronaic''', are spoken in regions of the Alps and the Carpathians as well as in the northern part of the Ural Mountains in Russia. The Oronaic family consists of six languages, spoken by approximately 400,000 people. | ||
The name "Alpatho-Hirtic" is made from names of two main branches the Alpathian languages and Hirtian. This term was more popular in the late XX century, but nowadays it is speculated, if the Alpathian languages had a common ancestor distinct from Hirtian, or Alpian, Carpathian and Hirtian are three separate branches; so a new term "Oronaic" became being used more. It derives from Classical Greek ὄρος “mountain” and ναίω “I inhabit” because all three groups are spoken in the mountainous regions. Sometimes "Oronaic" is used while mentioning only the Alpian and the Carpatian groups without including Hirtian. | The name "Alpatho-Hirtic" is made from names of two main branches the Alpathian languages and Hirtian. This term was more popular in the late XX century, but nowadays it is speculated, if the Alpathian languages had a common ancestor distinct from Hirtian, or Alpian, Carpathian and Hirtian are three separate branches; so a new term "Oronaic" became being used more. It derives from Classical Greek ὄρος “mountain” and ναίω “I inhabit” because all three groups are spoken in the mountainous regions. Sometimes "Oronaic" is used while mentioning only the Alpian and the Carpatian groups without including Hirtian. | ||
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*different roots for some positive and negative verbs (like East Carpathian ''šammet/ehčet'' "to see"/"not to see") | *different roots for some positive and negative verbs (like East Carpathian ''šammet/ehčet'' "to see"/"not to see") | ||
*use of possessive suffixes, expressing possession via genitive | *use of possessive suffixes, expressing possession via genitive | ||
*several plural (and dual for Hirtya) markers, like -j (-i), -k, -n/-ng. In | *several plural (and dual for Hirtya) markers, like -j (-i), -k, -n/-ng. In Carpathian however only a few words have other markers than -k | ||
*the concepts like "to be", "to have", "to do", "to wish" and some others are represented by suffixes attached to an object of a sentence | *the concepts like "to be", "to have", "to do", "to wish" and some others are represented by suffixes attached to an object of a sentence | ||
*nouns, used with a numeral, are singular if they refer to things which form a single group (Vaand ''gou jies'' ("three years", literally "three year") | *nouns, used with a numeral, are singular if they refer to things which form a single group (Vaand ''gou jies'' ("three years", literally "three year") | ||
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! style="background-color: #E0E0FF" | t̺akc̺ə<sub>3</sub> | ! style="background-color: #E0E0FF" | t̺akc̺ə<sub>3</sub> | ||
| takke || takk || tauk | | takke || takk || tauk | ||
| sēhca || šieču || šēča || šeači || | | sēhca || šieču || šēča || šeači || šač | ||
| тыхц (tyhc), сьыхц (śyhc), сьы (śy-) | | тыхц (tyhc), сьыхц (śyhc), сьы (śy-) | ||
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! style="background-color: #E0E0FF" | *àsŋə<sub>2</sub>-n | ! style="background-color: #E0E0FF" | *àsŋə<sub>2</sub>-n | ||
| unche || anke || ange | | unche || anke || ange | ||
| osne || osse || vosse || vošše || | | osne || osse || vosse || vošše || oskă | ||
| ысcан (yssan), əcӈ- (əsŋ-) | | ысcан (yssan), əcӈ- (əsŋ-) | ||
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