Tigol/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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Tigol is a highly inflected, fusional language, unlike modern [[Eevo]]. Much of [[Proto-Talmic]] morphology survives in Tigol. However, Tigol is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy. | |||
==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
Do the Ciêng indep/dep thing | |||
== Noun class markers == | |||
==Adjectives== | ==Adjectives== | ||
==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
==Verbs== | ==Verb prefixes== | ||
===Preverb prefixes=== | |||
Prefixes: | |||
*''ar-'': on, at | |||
*''(deut.) as-'': telic | |||
*''(prot.) de-, (deut.) do-'': in, at | |||
*''é-'': with, co- | |||
*''fin-''/''sin-'' = well, thoroughly | |||
*''for-'': causative, through | |||
*''(prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-'': around, back | |||
*''(prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-'': up, out | |||
*''ro-'': down | |||
*''sol-'': a causative | |||
*''(prot.) su-, (deut.) so-'': towards | |||
*''(prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-'': back | |||
*''(prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-'': from | |||
===Object prefixes=== | |||
Object prefixes are inherited from [[Proto-Quihum]] and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem. | |||
==Verb TAMs== | |||
Tigol inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Tigol displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs: | |||
*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯m/ 'he prays', ''ía·tús'' /iːəˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tus'') | |||
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯m/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''ía·soṁa'' /iːəˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern ''sov'') | |||
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''ía·assaċ'' /iːəˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' | |||
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''de·arcoḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobym'' 'at-on-bear'), ''ía·dérb'' /iːəˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern Eevo ''deerv'') | |||
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed. | |||
===Present=== | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting) | |||
|- | |||
| 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''ia·tús'' < nīs tússan || ''soṁain'' < somynis <br/> ''ia·soṁ'' < nīs somyn || ''as·tóċan'' < astósācon<br/>''ia·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācon || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ia·dérb'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''ia·túsar'' < nīs tússar || ''soṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ia·soṁar'' < nīs somyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācor<br/>''ia·assaċar'' < nīs ástosācor || ''dor·coḃar''<br/> ''ia·dérbar'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''ia·tús'' < nīs tússam || ''soṁaiṁ'' < somymis <br/> ''ia·soṁ'' < nīs somym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācom<br/>''ia·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācom || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ia·dérb'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''ia·túsaé'' < nīs tússasi || ''soṁaé'' < somysis <br/> ''ia·soṁaé'' < nīs somysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosi<br/>''ia·assaċaé'' < nīs ástosācosi || ''dor·coḃaé''<br/> ''ia·dérbaé'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''ia·tús'' < nīs tússa || ''soiṁ'' < somis <br/> ''ia·soṁ'' < nīs somy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''ia·assaċ'' < nīs ástosāco || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ia·dérb'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1EX || '' túsmae'' < tússamēs<br/>''ia·túsaiṁ'' < nīs tússamē || ''sommae'' < somymēs <br/> ''ia·soṁaiṁ'' < nīs somymē || '' as·tóċaiṁ'' < astósācomē<br/>''ia·assaċaiṁ'' < nīs ástosācomē || ''dor·coḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ia·dérbaiṁ'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''ia·túsat'' < nīs tússant || ''soṁait'' < somyntis <br/> ''ia·soṁat'' < nīs somynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācont<br/>''ia·assaċat'' < nīs ástosācont || ''dor·coḃat''<br/> ''ia·dérbat'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''ia·túsaisc'' < nīs tússasce || ''soṁaisc'' < somysces <br/> ''ia·soṁasc'' < nīs somysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosce<br/>''ia·assaċaisc'' < nīs ástosācosce || ''dor·coḃaisc''<br/> ''ia·dérbaisc'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''ia·túsaḋ'' < nīs tússat || ''soṁaiḋ'' < somytis <br/> ''ia·soṁaḋ'' < nīs somyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācot<br/>''ia·assaċaḋ'' < nīs ástosācot || ''dor·coḃaḋ''<br/> ''ia·dérbaḋ'' | |||
|} | |||
===Imperfect=== | |||
The imperfect is its own principal part, from reduplication in Thensarian. | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting) | |||
|- | |||
| 1SG || '' téussain'' < tétussanis <br/>''ia·téuss'' < nīs tétussan || ''séṁain'' < sésomynis <br/> ''ia·séṁ'' < nīs sésomyn || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ia·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ia·dercob'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2SG || '' téussair'' < tétussaris <br/>''ia·téussar'' < nīs tétussar || ''séṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ia·séṁar'' < nīs sésomyr || ''as·teccar'' <br/>''ia·astóċar'' || ''dor·coġḃar''<br/> ''ia·dercobar'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.M || ''téussaiṁ'' < tétussamis<br/>''ia·téuss'' < nīs tétussam || ''séṁaiṁ'' < sésomymis <br/> ''ia·séṁ'' < nīs sésomym || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ia·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ia·dercob'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.F || ''téussaé'' < tétussasis<br/>''ia·téussaé'' < nīs tétussasi || ''séṁaé'' < sésomysis <br/> ''ia·séṁaé'' < nīs sésomysi || ''as·teccaé'' <br/>''ia·astóċaé'' || ''dor·coġḃaé''<br/> ''ia·dercobaé'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.N || ''téuss'' < tétussas<br/>''ia·téuss'' < nīs tétussa || ''séṁ'' < sésomis <br/> ''ia·séṁ'' < nīs sésomy || '' as·tecc'' <br/>''ia·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ia·dercob'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1EX || '' téussaiṁ'' < tétussamēs<br/>''ia·téussaiṁ'' < nīs tétussamē || ''sémmae'' < sésomymēs <br/> ''ia·séṁaiṁ'' < nīs sésomymē || '' as·teccaiṁ''<br/>''ia·astóċaiṁ'' || ''dor·coġḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ia·dercobaiṁ'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1IN || '' téussait'' < tétussantis<br/>''ia·téussat'' < nīs tétussant || ''séṁait'' < sésomyntis <br/> ''ia·séṁat'' < nīs sésomynt || '' as·teccat'' <br/>''ia·astóċat'' || ''dor·coġḃat''<br/> ''ia·dercobat'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2PL || '' téussaisc'' < tétussasces<br/>''ia·téussaisc'' < nīs tétussasce || ''séṁaisc'' < sésomysces <br/> ''ia·soṁasc'' < nīs sésomysce || '' as·teccaisc''<br/>''ia·astóċaisc'' || ''dor·coġḃaisc''<br/> ''ia·dercobaisc'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3PL || '' téussaiḋ'' < tétussatis<br/>''ia·téussaḋ'' < nīs tétussat || ''séṁaiḋ'' < sésomytis <br/> ''ia·séṁaḋ'' < nīs sésomyt || '' as·teccaḋ'' <br/>''ia·astóċaḋ'' || ''dor·coġḃaḋ''<br/> ''ia·dercobaḋ'' | |||
|} | |||
===Preterite=== | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting) | |||
|- | |||
| 1SG || '' túsaidh'' < tússadīs <br/>''ia·túsaidh'' < nīs tússadī || ''siṁidh'' < simidīs<br/>''ia·siṁidh'' < nīs simidī || ''as·tóċaidh'' < astósācādī<br/>''ia·assaċaidh'' < nīs ástosācādī || ''dor·ciḃid''<br/> ''ia·déirbid'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2SG || '' túsaí'' < tússavoes<br/>''ia·túsaí'' < nīs tússavoe || ''siṁí'' < simivoes<br/>''ia·siṁí'' < nīs simivoe || ''as·tóċaí'' < astósācovoe<br/>''ia·assaċaí'' < nīs ástosācovoe || ''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ia·déirbí'' | |||
|-''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ia·déirbí'' | |||
| 3SG.M || '' túsaim'' < tússasmis<br/>''ia·túsaim'' < nīs tússasmi || ''siṁim'' < simismis<br/>''ia·siṁim'' < nīs simismi || ''as·tóċaim'' < astósācosmi<br/>''ia·assaċaim'' < nīs ástosācosmi || ''dor·ciḃim''<br/> ''ia·déirbim'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.F || '' túsais'' < tússastis<br/>''ia·túsais'' < nīs tússasti || ''siṁis'' < simistis<br/>''ia·siṁis'' < nīs simisti || ''as·tóċais'' < astósācosti<br/>''ia·assaċais'' < nīs ástosācosti || ''dor·ciḃis''<br/> ''ia·déirbis'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.N || '' túsá'' < tússasos<br/>''ia·túsá'' < nīs tússaso || ''siṁeo'' < simisos<br/>''ia·siṁeo'' < nīs simiso || '' as·tóċá'' < astósācoso<br/>''ia·assaċá'' < nīs ástosācoso || ''dor·ciḃeo''<br/> ''ia·déirbeo'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1EX || '' túsmair'' < tússameris<br/>''ia·túsmar'' < nīs tússamer || ''simmir'' < simimeris<br/>''ia·simmer'' < nīs simimeris || '' as·tóċmar'' < astósācomer<br/>''ia·assaċmar'' < nīs ástosācomer || ''dor·ciḃmer''<br/> ''ia·déirbmer'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1IN || '' túsdair'' < tússanteris<br/>''ia·túsdar'' < nīs tússanter || ''siṁdir'' < siminteris<br/>''ia·siṁder'' < nīs siminteris || '' as·tóċdar'' < astósāconter<br/>''ia·assaċdar'' < nīs ástosāconter || ''dor·ciḃder''<br/> ''ia·déirbder'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2PL || '' tússcair'' < tússasceris<br/>''ia·tússcar'' < nīs tússascer || ''siṁscir'' < simisceris<br/>''ia·siṁscer'' < nīs simisceris || '' as·tóċscar'' < astósācosceris<br/>''ia·assaċscar'' < nīs ástosācoscer || ''dor·ciḃscer''<br/> ''ia·déirbscer'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3PL || '' túsbair'' < tússabris<br/>''ia·túsbar'' < nīs tússaber || ''siṁbir'' < simiberis<br/>''ia·siṁber'' < nīs simiberis || '' as·tóċḃar'' < astósācober<br/>''ia·assaċḃar'' < nīs ástosācoter || ''dor·ciber''<br/> ''ia·déirber'' | |||
|} | |||
===Future=== | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting) | |||
|- | |||
| 1SG || '' túsṫain'' < tússatēnis <br/>''ia·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatēn || ''sóitin'' < sontēnis <br/> ''ia·sóit'' < nīs sontēn || ''as·tóċtan'' <br/>''ia·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċtan''<br/> ''ia·derċtan'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2SG || '' túsṫair'' < tússatēris <br/>''ia·túsṫar'' < nīs tússatēr || ''sóitir'' < sontēris <br/> ''ia·sóiter'' < nīs sontēr || ''as·tóċtar'' <br/>''ia·assaċtar'' || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''ia·derċtar'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.M || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmis <br/>''ia·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatēm || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmis <br/> ''ia·sóit'' < nīs somym || ''as·tóċt'' <br/>''ia·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ia·derċt'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.F || '' túsṫaé'' < tússatēsis<br/>''ia·túsṫaé'' < nīs tússatēsi || ''sóité'' < sontēsis <br/> ''ia·sóité'' < nīs somysi || ''as·tóċtaé'' <br/>''ia·assaċtaé'' || ''dor·coċtaé''<br/> ''ia·derċtaé'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.N || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatēs<br/>''ia·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatē || ''sóit'' < sontēs <br/> ''ia·sóit'' < nīs sontē || '' as·tóċt'' <br/>''ia·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ia·derċt'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1EX || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmēs<br/>''túsṫaiṁ'' < nīs tússatēmē || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmēs <br/> ''ia·sóiteṁ'' < nīs sontēm || '' as·tóċtaiṁ'' <br/>''ia·assaċtaiṁ'' || ''dor·coċtaiṁ''<br/> ''ia·derċtaiṁ'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1IN || '' túsṫait'' < tússatēntis<br/>''ia·túsṫat'' < nīs tússatēnt || ''sóitit'' < sontēntis <br/> ''ia·sóitet'' < nīs sontēnt || '' as·tóċtat'' <br/>''ia·assaċtat'' || ''dor·coċtat''<br/> ''ia·derċtat'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2PL || '' túsṫaisc'' < tússatēsces<br/>''ia·túsṫaisc'' < nīs tússatēsce || ''sóitisc'' < sontēsces <br/> ''ia·sóitisc'' < nīs sontēsce || '' as·tóċtaisc''<br/>''ia·assaċtaisc'' || ''dor·coċtaisc''<br/> ''ia·derċtaisc'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3PL || '' túsṫaiḋ'' < tússatētis<br/>''ia·túsṫaḋ'' < nīs tússatēt || ''sóitiḋ'' < sontētis <br/> ''ia·sóiteḋ'' < nīs sontēt || '' as·tóċtaḋ'' <br/>''ia·assaċtaḋ'' || ''dor·coċtaḋ''<br/> ''ia·derċtaḋ'' | |||
|} | |||
===Present subjunctive=== | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting) | |||
|- | |||
| 1SG || ''túsnae'' < tússānaes <br/>''dá·ṫúsnae'' < δā tússānae || ''soṁnae'' < somnaes <br/> ''dá·shoṁnae'' < δā somnae || ''as·tóċnae'' <br/>''dá·assaċnae'' || ''dor·coċnae''<br/> ''dá·derċnae'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2SG || ''túsrae'' < tussāraes <br/>''dá·ṫúsṫar'' < δā tússārae || ''soṁrae'' < somraes <br/> ''dá·shoṁrae'' < δā somrae || ''as·tóċrae'' <br/>''dá·assaċrae'' || ''dor·coċrae''<br/> ''dá·derċrae'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.M || ''túsmair'' < tússamioris <br/>''dá·ṫúsmar'' < δā tússamior || ''soimmir'' < sommioris <br/> ''dá·shoimmer'' < δā sommior || ''as·tóċmar'' <br/>''dá·assaċmar'' || ''dor·coċmar''<br/> ''dá·derċmar'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.F || ''túsaéir'' < tússasioris <br/>''dá·ṫúsaér'' < δā tússasior || ''soimir'' < somsioris <br/> ''dá·shoimer'' < δā somsior || ''as·tóċaér'' <br/>''dá·assaċaér'' || ''dor·coċaér''<br/> ''dá·derċaér'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG.N || ''túsair'' < tússaoris <br/>''dá·ṫúsar'' < δā tússaor || ''soiṁir'' < somioris <br/> ''dá·shoiṁer'' < δā somior || ''as·tóċar'' <br/>''dá·assaċar'' || ''dor·coċar''<br/> ''dá·derċar'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1EX || '' túsṁae'' < tússāmaes<br/>''dá·ṫúsṁae'' < δā tússāmae || ''sommae'' < sommaes <br/> ''dá·sommae'' < δā sommae || ''as·tóċmae'' <br/>''dá·assaċmae'' || ''dor·coċmae''<br/> ''dá·derċmae'' | |||
|- | |||
| 1IN || '' túsdae'' < tússāntaes<br/>''dá·ṫúsdae'' < δā tússāntae || ''soṁadae'' < somyntaes <br/> ''dá·soṁadae'' < δā somyntae || '' as·tóċdae'' <br/>''ia·assaċdae'' || ''dor·coċdae''<br/> ''dá·derċdae'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2PL || '' túscae'' < tussāscaes<br/>''dá·ṫúscae'' < δā tussāscae || ''soṁascae'' < somyscaes <br/> ''dá·soṁascae'' < δā somyscae || '' as·tóċscae''<br/>''ia·assaċscae'' || ''dor·coċscae''<br/> ''dá·derċscae'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3PL || '' túsṫair '' < tussātioris<br/>''dá·ṫúsṫair'' < δā tussātior || ''soiṁṫir'' < somtioris <br/> ''dá·soiṁṫer'' < δā somtior || '' as·tóċṫair'' <br/>''dá·assaċṫair'' || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''dá·derċtar'' | |||
|} | |||
===Past subjunctive=== | |||
Gets mixed up with future in descendants. | |||
===Imperative=== | |||
===Verbal noun=== | |||
[[Category:Tigol]][[Category:Tricin]] | |||
[[Category:Eevo]] |
Latest revision as of 13:46, 30 September 2022
Tigol is a highly inflected, fusional language, unlike modern Eevo. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Tigol. However, Tigol is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.
Nouns
Do the Ciêng indep/dep thing
Noun class markers
Adjectives
Pronouns
Verb prefixes
Preverb prefixes
Prefixes:
- ar-: on, at
- (deut.) as-: telic
- (prot.) de-, (deut.) do-: in, at
- é-: with, co-
- fin-/sin- = well, thoroughly
- for-: causative, through
- (prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-: around, back
- (prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-: up, out
- ro-: down
- sol-: a causative
- (prot.) su-, (deut.) so-: towards
- (prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-: back
- (prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-: from
Object prefixes
Object prefixes are inherited from Proto-Quihum and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.
Verb TAMs
Tigol inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Tigol displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
- Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯m/ 'he prays', ía·tús /iːəˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern tus)
- Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. soṁaiṁ /somai̯m/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ía·soṁa /iːəˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern sov)
- Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ía·assaċ /iːəˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove'
- Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. de·arcoḃ /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< de-ar-cobym 'at-on-bear'), ía·dérb /iːəˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern Eevo deerv)
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
Present
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsain < tússanis ia·tús < nīs tússan |
soṁain < somynis ia·soṁ < nīs somyn |
as·tóċan < astósācon ia·assaċ < nīs ástosācon |
dor·coḃ ia·dérb |
2SG | túsair < tússaris ia·túsar < nīs tússar |
soṁair < somyris ia·soṁar < nīs somyr |
as·tóċar < astósācor ia·assaċar < nīs ástosācor |
dor·coḃar ia·dérbar |
3SG.M | túsaiṁ < tússamis ia·tús < nīs tússam |
soṁaiṁ < somymis ia·soṁ < nīs somym |
as·tóċ < astósācom ia·assaċ < nīs ástosācom |
dor·coḃ ia·dérb |
3SG.F | túsaé < tússasis ia·túsaé < nīs tússasi |
soṁaé < somysis ia·soṁaé < nīs somysi |
as·tóċaé < astósācosi ia·assaċaé < nīs ástosācosi |
dor·coḃaé ia·dérbaé |
3SG.N | tús < tússas ia·tús < nīs tússa |
soiṁ < somis ia·soṁ < nīs somy |
as·tóċ < astósācos ia·assaċ < nīs ástosāco |
dor·coḃ ia·dérb |
1EX | túsmae < tússamēs ia·túsaiṁ < nīs tússamē |
sommae < somymēs ia·soṁaiṁ < nīs somymē |
as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomē ia·assaċaiṁ < nīs ástosācomē |
dor·coḃaiṁ ia·dérbaiṁ |
1IN | túsait < tússantis ia·túsat < nīs tússant |
soṁait < somyntis ia·soṁat < nīs somynt |
as·tóċat < astósācont ia·assaċat < nīs ástosācont |
dor·coḃat ia·dérbat |
2PL | túsaisc < tússasces ia·túsaisc < nīs tússasce |
soṁaisc < somysces ia·soṁasc < nīs somysce |
as·tóċaisc < astósācosce ia·assaċaisc < nīs ástosācosce |
dor·coḃaisc ia·dérbaisc |
3PL | túsaiḋ < tússatis ia·túsaḋ < nīs tússat |
soṁaiḋ < somytis ia·soṁaḋ < nīs somyt |
as·tóċaḋ < astósācot ia·assaċaḋ < nīs ástosācot |
dor·coḃaḋ ia·dérbaḋ |
Imperfect
The imperfect is its own principal part, from reduplication in Thensarian.
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | téussain < tétussanis ia·téuss < nīs tétussan |
séṁain < sésomynis ia·séṁ < nīs sésomyn |
as·tecc ia·astóċ |
dor·coġḃ ia·dercob |
2SG | téussair < tétussaris ia·téussar < nīs tétussar |
séṁair < somyris ia·séṁar < nīs sésomyr |
as·teccar ia·astóċar |
dor·coġḃar ia·dercobar |
3SG.M | téussaiṁ < tétussamis ia·téuss < nīs tétussam |
séṁaiṁ < sésomymis ia·séṁ < nīs sésomym |
as·tecc ia·astóċ |
dor·coġḃ ia·dercob |
3SG.F | téussaé < tétussasis ia·téussaé < nīs tétussasi |
séṁaé < sésomysis ia·séṁaé < nīs sésomysi |
as·teccaé ia·astóċaé |
dor·coġḃaé ia·dercobaé |
3SG.N | téuss < tétussas ia·téuss < nīs tétussa |
séṁ < sésomis ia·séṁ < nīs sésomy |
as·tecc ia·astóċ |
dor·coġḃ ia·dercob |
1EX | téussaiṁ < tétussamēs ia·téussaiṁ < nīs tétussamē |
sémmae < sésomymēs ia·séṁaiṁ < nīs sésomymē |
as·teccaiṁ ia·astóċaiṁ |
dor·coġḃaiṁ ia·dercobaiṁ |
1IN | téussait < tétussantis ia·téussat < nīs tétussant |
séṁait < sésomyntis ia·séṁat < nīs sésomynt |
as·teccat ia·astóċat |
dor·coġḃat ia·dercobat |
2PL | téussaisc < tétussasces ia·téussaisc < nīs tétussasce |
séṁaisc < sésomysces ia·soṁasc < nīs sésomysce |
as·teccaisc ia·astóċaisc |
dor·coġḃaisc ia·dercobaisc |
3PL | téussaiḋ < tétussatis ia·téussaḋ < nīs tétussat |
séṁaiḋ < sésomytis ia·séṁaḋ < nīs sésomyt |
as·teccaḋ ia·astóċaḋ |
dor·coġḃaḋ ia·dercobaḋ |
Preterite
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsaidh < tússadīs ia·túsaidh < nīs tússadī |
siṁidh < simidīs ia·siṁidh < nīs simidī |
as·tóċaidh < astósācādī ia·assaċaidh < nīs ástosācādī |
dor·ciḃid ia·déirbid |
2SG | túsaí < tússavoes ia·túsaí < nīs tússavoe |
siṁí < simivoes ia·siṁí < nīs simivoe |
as·tóċaí < astósācovoe ia·assaċaí < nīs ástosācovoe |
dor·ciḃí ia·déirbí |
3SG.M | túsaim < tússasmis ia·túsaim < nīs tússasmi |
siṁim < simismis ia·siṁim < nīs simismi |
as·tóċaim < astósācosmi ia·assaċaim < nīs ástosācosmi |
dor·ciḃim ia·déirbim |
3SG.F | túsais < tússastis ia·túsais < nīs tússasti |
siṁis < simistis ia·siṁis < nīs simisti |
as·tóċais < astósācosti ia·assaċais < nīs ástosācosti |
dor·ciḃis ia·déirbis |
3SG.N | túsá < tússasos ia·túsá < nīs tússaso |
siṁeo < simisos ia·siṁeo < nīs simiso |
as·tóċá < astósācoso ia·assaċá < nīs ástosācoso |
dor·ciḃeo ia·déirbeo |
1EX | túsmair < tússameris ia·túsmar < nīs tússamer |
simmir < simimeris ia·simmer < nīs simimeris |
as·tóċmar < astósācomer ia·assaċmar < nīs ástosācomer |
dor·ciḃmer ia·déirbmer |
1IN | túsdair < tússanteris ia·túsdar < nīs tússanter |
siṁdir < siminteris ia·siṁder < nīs siminteris |
as·tóċdar < astósāconter ia·assaċdar < nīs ástosāconter |
dor·ciḃder ia·déirbder |
2PL | tússcair < tússasceris ia·tússcar < nīs tússascer |
siṁscir < simisceris ia·siṁscer < nīs simisceris |
as·tóċscar < astósācosceris ia·assaċscar < nīs ástosācoscer |
dor·ciḃscer ia·déirbscer |
3PL | túsbair < tússabris ia·túsbar < nīs tússaber |
siṁbir < simiberis ia·siṁber < nīs simiberis |
as·tóċḃar < astósācober ia·assaċḃar < nīs ástosācoter |
dor·ciber ia·déirber |
Future
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsṫain < tússatēnis ia·túsaiḋ < nīs tússatēn |
sóitin < sontēnis ia·sóit < nīs sontēn |
as·tóċtan ia·assaċt |
dor·coċtan ia·derċtan |
2SG | túsṫair < tússatēris ia·túsṫar < nīs tússatēr |
sóitir < sontēris ia·sóiter < nīs sontēr |
as·tóċtar ia·assaċtar |
dor·coċtar ia·derċtar |
3SG.M | túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmis ia·túsaiḋ < nīs tússatēm |
sóitiṁ < sontēmis ia·sóit < nīs somym |
as·tóċt ia·assaċt |
dor·coċt ia·derċt |
3SG.F | túsṫaé < tússatēsis ia·túsṫaé < nīs tússatēsi |
sóité < sontēsis ia·sóité < nīs somysi |
as·tóċtaé ia·assaċtaé |
dor·coċtaé ia·derċtaé |
3SG.N | túsaiḋ < tússatēs ia·túsaiḋ < nīs tússatē |
sóit < sontēs ia·sóit < nīs sontē |
as·tóċt ia·assaċt |
dor·coċt ia·derċt |
1EX | túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmēs túsṫaiṁ < nīs tússatēmē |
sóitiṁ < sontēmēs ia·sóiteṁ < nīs sontēm |
as·tóċtaiṁ ia·assaċtaiṁ |
dor·coċtaiṁ ia·derċtaiṁ |
1IN | túsṫait < tússatēntis ia·túsṫat < nīs tússatēnt |
sóitit < sontēntis ia·sóitet < nīs sontēnt |
as·tóċtat ia·assaċtat |
dor·coċtat ia·derċtat |
2PL | túsṫaisc < tússatēsces ia·túsṫaisc < nīs tússatēsce |
sóitisc < sontēsces ia·sóitisc < nīs sontēsce |
as·tóċtaisc ia·assaċtaisc |
dor·coċtaisc ia·derċtaisc |
3PL | túsṫaiḋ < tússatētis ia·túsṫaḋ < nīs tússatēt |
sóitiḋ < sontētis ia·sóiteḋ < nīs sontēt |
as·tóċtaḋ ia·assaċtaḋ |
dor·coċtaḋ ia·derċtaḋ |
Present subjunctive
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsnae < tússānaes dá·ṫúsnae < δā tússānae |
soṁnae < somnaes dá·shoṁnae < δā somnae |
as·tóċnae dá·assaċnae |
dor·coċnae dá·derċnae |
2SG | túsrae < tussāraes dá·ṫúsṫar < δā tússārae |
soṁrae < somraes dá·shoṁrae < δā somrae |
as·tóċrae dá·assaċrae |
dor·coċrae dá·derċrae |
3SG.M | túsmair < tússamioris dá·ṫúsmar < δā tússamior |
soimmir < sommioris dá·shoimmer < δā sommior |
as·tóċmar dá·assaċmar |
dor·coċmar dá·derċmar |
3SG.F | túsaéir < tússasioris dá·ṫúsaér < δā tússasior |
soimir < somsioris dá·shoimer < δā somsior |
as·tóċaér dá·assaċaér |
dor·coċaér dá·derċaér |
3SG.N | túsair < tússaoris dá·ṫúsar < δā tússaor |
soiṁir < somioris dá·shoiṁer < δā somior |
as·tóċar dá·assaċar |
dor·coċar dá·derċar |
1EX | túsṁae < tússāmaes dá·ṫúsṁae < δā tússāmae |
sommae < sommaes dá·sommae < δā sommae |
as·tóċmae dá·assaċmae |
dor·coċmae dá·derċmae |
1IN | túsdae < tússāntaes dá·ṫúsdae < δā tússāntae |
soṁadae < somyntaes dá·soṁadae < δā somyntae |
as·tóċdae ia·assaċdae |
dor·coċdae dá·derċdae |
2PL | túscae < tussāscaes dá·ṫúscae < δā tussāscae |
soṁascae < somyscaes dá·soṁascae < δā somyscae |
as·tóċscae ia·assaċscae |
dor·coċscae dá·derċscae |
3PL | túsṫair < tussātioris dá·ṫúsṫair < δā tussātior |
soiṁṫir < somtioris dá·soiṁṫer < δā somtior |
as·tóċṫair dá·assaċṫair |
dor·coċtar dá·derċtar |
Past subjunctive
Gets mixed up with future in descendants.