Yutch: Difference between revisions

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'''Irregular - ''at dice'' "to say"'''
'''Irregular - ''at die'' "to say"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''at dice'' "to say"
|+ Conjugation of ''at dice'' "to say"
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"|at dice
| colspan="2"|at die
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Present participle
!colspan="2"| Present participle
| colspan="2"|dicent
| colspan="2"|dient
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Past participle
!colspan="2"| Past participle
Line 465: Line 465:
|-
|-
! you
! you
| dice || diss ||
| die || diss ||
|-
|-
! tou
! tou
| dicest || dissest || dice
| diest || dissest || die
|-
|-
! el/lay/lou
! el/lay/lou
| dices || diss ||
| dies || diss ||
|-
|-
! noose
! noose
| dice || diss ||
| die || diss ||
|-
|-
! woose
! woose
| dice || diss || dice
| die || diss || die
|-
|-
! else
! else
| dice || diss ||
| die || diss ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
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! else
! else
| have || hat || have
| have || hat || have
|-
|}
'''Irregular - ''at fay'' "to do"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''at fay'' "to do"
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"|at fay
|-
!colspan="2"| Present participle
| colspan="2"|fayent
|-
!colspan="2"| Past participle
| colspan="2"|faight
|-
! !! Present  !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! you
| fay || fiss ||
|-
! tou
| fayest || fissest || fay
|-
! el/lay/lou
| fays || fiss ||
|-
! noose
| fay || fiss ||
|-
! woose
| fay || fiss || fay
|-
! else
| fay || fiss ||
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 13:35, 8 January 2023

Yutch (/jʌtʃ/) is a Gallo-Romance language closely related to Twench.

Yutch
Yutch
Pronunciation[jʌtʃ]
Created byShariifka

Introduction

Etymology

Yutch is ultimately derived from Iuti, the Latin name for the Jutes.

Phonology

Orthography

Alphabet

Letter Name IPA
A a a [eɪ]
B b bee [biː]
C c cee [siː]
D d dee [diː]
E e e [iː]
F f eff [ɛf]
G g gee [d͡ʒiː]
H h haitch [heɪt͡ʃʰ]
I i i [aɪ]
Letter Name IPA
J j jay [d͡ʒeɪ]
K k kay [kʰeɪ]
L l el [ɛɫ]
M m em [ɛm]
N n en [ɛn]
O o o [oʊ]
P p pee [pʰiː]
Q q que [kʰjuː]
R r ar [ɑɹ]
Letter Name IPA
S s ess [ɛs]
T t tee [tʰiː]
U u u [juː]
V v vee [viː]
W w double-u [dʌbəl.juː]
X x ex [ɛks]
Y y wye [waɪ]
Z z zed [zɛd]

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns are not declined for case.

There in no grammatical gender besides natural gender (similar to English).

Plural is usually formed in -(e)s.

The possessive is formed in -'s (-' after -s).

Articles

Precede the noun they modify.

  • Definite article: le
  • Indefinite article (only in the singular): a (before consonants), an (before vowels)

Pronouns

Person/ Number Subject Object Possessive
Adjective Pronoun
1S you me my mine
2S (arch.) tou te ty tine
3SM el el sy sine
3SF lay lay lay lays
3SN lou lou louse louse
1P noose noose noster nosters
2S+P woose woose woster wosters
3P else else lour lours

Numerals

Twench numerals
Cardinal Ordinal Fractional
0 null nullem —
1 une prime —
2 doose second demy
3 treece terce terce
4 quatter quart quart
5 cink kint kint
6 six sixt sixt
7 set settem settem
8 aught aughtem aughtem
9 nove novem novem
10 deace deacem deacem
11 onze onzem onzem
12 dozz dozzem dozzem
13 trezz trezzem trezzem
14 quatterze quatterzem quatterzem
15 kinze kinzem kinzem
16 sezz sezzem sezzem
17 setdiss setdissem setdissem
20 waint waintem waintem
21 waint-une waint-prime waint-unem
30 traint traintem traintem
40 quarant quarantem quarantem
50 cinkant cinkantem cinkantem
60 sixant sixantem sixantem
70 settant settantem settantem
80 aughtant aughtantem aughtantem
90 novant novantem novantem
100 cent centem centem
1000 mill millem millem
10⁶ million millionem millionem

Verbs

Principal parts

For the majority of verbs, the full conjugation can be determined from two principal parts: the (non-third person singular) simple present and the past participle.

These forms are given in dictionaries. Otherwise, the infinitive is used as the citation form.

Verb classes

Verbs may be regular or irregular.

In regular verbs, the past stem and past participle are derived regularly from the infinitive stem with the suffix -et (-t after final -e).

Irregular verbs form their past stem irregularly.

Some irregular verbs have a past participle distinct from the past stem. For those verbs, the past tense is included as a citation form between the present and the past participle.

Personal endings

The following personal endings are used in the present tense:

  • -(e)s in the third person singular (archaic: -(e)th)
  • -(e)st in the archaic second person singular

Besides the above endings, only the highly irregular verb at est "to be" has differing personal forms. .

Tenses

As in English, continuous tenses are formed with the verb at est followed by the present participle, and the perfect is formed with the verb at have "to have" followed by the past participle.

Voice

The passive is formed with the verb at est "to be" followed by the past participle.

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: at + present stem

Present participle: present stem + -(e)nt

Past participle: past stem

Examples of verbs

Regular - at cant "to sing"

Conjugation of at cant "to sing"
Infinitive at cant
Present participle cantent
Past participle cantet
Present Past Imperative
you cant cantet
tou cantest cantetst cant
el/lay/lou cants cantet
noose cant cantet
woose cant cantet cant
else cant cantet

Irregular - at cathe "to fall"

Conjugation of at cathe "to fall"
Infinitive at cathe
Present participle cathent
Past participle case
Present Past Imperative
you cathe case
tou cathest casest cathe
el/lay/lou cathes case
noose cathe case
woose cathe case cathe
else cathe case

Irregular - at die "to say"

Conjugation of at dice "to say"
Infinitive at die
Present participle dient
Past participle dight
Present Past Imperative
you die diss
tou diest dissest die
el/lay/lou dies diss
noose die diss
woose die diss die
else die diss

Irregular - at est "to be"

Conjugation of at est "to be"
Infinitive at est
Present participle estent
Past participle estet
Present Past Imperative
you son fow
tou ist fowst est
el/lay/lou is fow
noose son fore
woose son fore est
else son fore

Irregular: at have "to have"

Conjugation of at have "to have"
Infinitive at have
Present participle havent
Past participle hat
Present Past Imperative
you have hat
tu hast hatst have
el/lay/lou has hat
noose have hat
woose have hat have
else have hat have

Irregular - at fay "to do"

Conjugation of at fay "to do"
Infinitive at fay
Present participle fayent
Past participle faight
Present Past Imperative
you fay fiss
tou fayest fissest fay
el/lay/lou fays fiss
noose fay fiss
woose fay fiss fay
else fay fiss

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

Toot human estants nasce liver et equal in dignitate et draights. Else son endootet of raison et conscience, et else deve at age of une alter in a spirit de frathertate.

/tuːt ˈçuːmən ˈɛstənts næs ˈlɪvəɹ ət iːkwəl ɪn ˈdɪɡnɪtət ət dɹeɪts ‖ ɛls sʌn ənˈdutət əv ˈɹeɪzən ət ˈkɔnʃəns | ət ɛls diːv æt eɪdʒ əv juːn ɔːltəɹ ɪn ə ˈspɪɹɪt də frɑːðəɹtət/

Other resources

Swadesh list

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