IPA for Ufhewat Knrawi: Difference between revisions

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The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].


This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island, for other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA guides|Knrawi IPA guides]].
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA keys|Knrawi IPA keys]].


{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| style="background: none"
{| style="background: none"
|-
|-
Line 64: Line 60:
|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|because
|because
|'''m'''an
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|mˀ}}</big>
|{{term|mawḿ|ma'''wḿ'''}}
|to mix
|'''m'''an
|'''m'''an
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big>
|{{term|jna|j'''n'''a}}
|{{term|nias|'''n'''ias}}
|woman
|'''n'''ot
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|nˀ}}</big>
|{{term|jna|'''jn'''a}}
|star
|star
|'''n'''ot
|'''n'''ot
Line 74: Line 80:
|{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}}
|{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}}
|wind
|wind
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋˀ}}</big>
|{{term|wga|'''wg'''a}}
|long
|sa'''ng'''
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|-
Line 89: Line 100:
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|south
|south
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|rˀ}}</big>
|{{term|jrn|'''jr'''n}}
|land
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
Line 114: Line 130:
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|corner
|corner
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vˀ}}</big>
|{{term|wvg|'''wv'''g}}
|to reach
|ha'''v'''e
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|-
Line 124: Line 145:
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|jasper
|jasper
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɰˀ}}</big>
|{{term|hyg|'''hy'''g}}
|cold
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
Line 150: Line 176:
|many
|many
|uh'''-'''oh
|uh'''-'''oh
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[w:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Example !! Translation !! (near) equivalent
|-
! colspan="4"| [[w:Vowel|Vowels]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|a}}</big>
|{{term|agu|'''a'''gu}}
|face
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|{{term|kaau|k'''aa'''u}}
|five
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒ}}</big>
|{{term|kjaw|kj'''a'''w}}
|to puncture
|b'''o'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big>
|{{term|waay|w'''aa'''y}}
|moth
|b'''o'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞}}</big>
|{{term|isji|isj'''i'''}}
|big
|b'''e'''d
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞ː}}</big>
|{{term|ciarcá|c'''ia'''rcá}}
|cobalt
|f'''a'''ce
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
|{{term|sheya|sh'''e'''ya}}
|large island
|'''a'''bout
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|əː}}</big>
|{{term|aà|'''aà'''}}
|to say
|ab'''o'''ve
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|i}}</big>
|{{term|it|'''i'''t}}
|head
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|{{term|iarti|'''ia'''rti}}
|salt
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|o̞}}</big>
|{{term|zjeyu|zjey'''u'''}}
|shore
|b'''oa'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|o̞ː}}</big>
|{{term|uái|'''uá'''i}}
|lizard
|b'''oa'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞}}</big>
|{{term|tiqíj|t'''i'''qíj}}
|to dry up
|k'''ö'''nnen ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞ː}}</big>
|{{term|jaqia|jaq'''ia'''}}
|wild cannabis
|Sch'''ö'''n ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|u}}</big>
|{{term|cuy|c'''u'''y}}
|angry
|b'''oo'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|{{term|pùa|p'''ùa'''}}
|liver
|b'''oo'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|y}}</big>
|{{term|wi|w'''i'''}}
|child
|'''ü'''ppig ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|yː}}</big>
|{{term|qhia|qh'''ia'''}}
|day
|'''ü'''ber ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˥}}</big>
|{{term|ik|ik}}
|to see
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˩}}</big>
|{{term|ìy|'''ì'''y}}
|to break
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˥˧}}</big>
|{{term|cûathay|c'''û'''athay}}
|sapphire
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|˧˩}}</big>
|{{term|cûathay|c'''û'''athay}}
|sapphire (plural)
|}
|}
==Differences from standard Knrawi==
**/n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
*/θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
**Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
*/k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
*/k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
*/x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
*sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
**Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
***Sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
*/ɹ/ is realized as [r].
**Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
*/ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
*/ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
**/θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
*Fortition does not occur.
*Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
*Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
**Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
**/ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
*Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[ə] if not [o̞].
*Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
**[e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
*/˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].
[[Category:Knrawi IPA keys|u]]

Latest revision as of 06:00, 6 March 2024

The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Ufhewat Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see Knrawi IPA keys.

IPA Keys
Aelatha
Attian
Avendonian
Ayeri
Biscayan
Brittainese
Central Isles Creole
Cet
Cha
Cruckeny
Etlish
Evonish
Favlona
Guimin
Gwaxol
Hantza
Hemaluan
High Valyrian
Iaskyon
Jukpë
Kaikiwan
Keeltyewarem
Kihā́mmic
Knrawi
Kunarek
Luthic
Lôppic
Maryan Coptic
Messinese
Mihousapeja
Millennish
Moshurian
Modern Coptic
Nawuhu
Oltic
Owaex
Pomorian
Qafesona
Qut
Rangyayo
Rulhilli
Sinatolean
Soc'ul'
Sudyrnish
Umbrean
Vairish
IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Consonants
f huf small face
h ufh middle have
j shaia house yet
k hyk sugarcane scout
kʰ nkh far cow
kʲ tjic to cook ski
kʲʰ chuh raw key
kʷ guq small island square
kʷʰ uqh snake queen
m iim because man
mˀ mawḿ to mix man
n nias woman not
nˀ jna star not
ŋ thga wind sang
ŋˀ wga long sang
p puskj yam spin
pʰ cuph snake burrow pin
r marg south rayo (Spanish)
rˀ jrn land rayo (Spanish)
s cniztí to try sing
sʰ zherg cloud sing
t riti eye start
tʰ nth water tart
v vuin corner have
vˀ wvg to reach have
w rtiu where wing
ɰ aythá jasper agave (Spanish)
ɰˀ hyg cold agave (Spanish)
x jua all loch
xʲ asi shark he
xʲʰ shiupii wheat noodles he
xʷ niwuu guilty white
ʔ ceh many uh-oh
IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Vowels
a agu face father
aː kaau five father
ɒ kjaw to puncture bot
ɒː waay moth bot
e̞ isji big bed
e̞ː ciarcá cobalt face
ə sheya large island about
əː aà to say above
i it head beet
iː iarti salt beet
o̞ zjeyu shore boat
o̞ː uái lizard boat
ø̞ tiqíj to dry up können (German)
ø̞ː jaqia wild cannabis Schön (German)
u cuy angry boot
uː pùa liver boot
y wi child üppig (German)
yː qhia day über (German)
Tones
˥ ik to see
˩ ìy to break
˥˧ cûathay sapphire
˧˩ cûathay sapphire (plural)

Differences from standard Knrawi

    • /n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
  • /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
    • Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
  • /k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
  • /k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
  • /x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
  • sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
    • Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
      • Sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
  • /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
    • Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
  • /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
  • /ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
    • /θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
  • Fortition does not occur.
  • Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
  • Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
    • Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
  • /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
    • Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
    • /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
  • [i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
  • Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
    • [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
    • [ə] if not [o̞].
  • Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
  • [ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
    • [e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
  • /˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].
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