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| altname = Arakite | | altname = Arakite | ||
| nativename = igyro Arnah | | nativename = igyro Arnah | ||
| pronunciation = igʲʏro | | pronunciation = igʲʏro aɾnɐh | ||
| image = Arnic-endonym.jpeg | | image = Arnic-endonym.jpeg | ||
| caption = The Arnic endonym in the Arnic script. | | caption = The Arnic endonym in the Arnic script. | ||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2022-2024 | | created = 2022-2024 | ||
| ethnicity = Arnan, Gebidites | |||
| setting=Radael | | setting=Radael | ||
| state = Arnah, Northern | | state = Arnah, Northern Gebidum | ||
| familycolor = Indo-European | | familycolor = Indo-European | ||
| fam1 = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | | fam1 = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | ||
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| dia3 = Kodi Chir | | dia3 = Kodi Chir | ||
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]] | | ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]] | ||
| ancestor2 | | ancestor2 = [[Proto-Gadaïc]] | ||
| ancestor3 = Proto-West Gadaïc | |||
| | | ancestor4 = [[Classical Arakite]] | ||
| | |||
| nation = Arnah | | nation = Arnah | ||
| minority = Moshurian Empire | | minority = Moshurian Empire | ||
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| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Arnic'''(''igyro Arnah'', <small>Arnic:</small> [[Help:IPA|[igʲʏro | '''Arnic'''(''igyro Arnah'', <small>Arnic:</small> [[Help:IPA|[igʲʏro aɾnɐh]]]), also called '''Arakite''', is a [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] language and the official language of the Moshurian vassal Arnah. It is one of six majority languages in Gadah and the native language of the Arnan and Gebidite people(Arnic: ''shova Gebid''). | ||
Arnic is a Proto-Gadaïc | Arnic is a [[Proto-Gadaïc]] derivative. It is descended from [[Classical Arakite]], originally a widely spoken language where the modern Arnic script also originated in order to translate [[Psér]] scriptures, which eventually developed itself into a classical language as modern Arnic developed. Modern Arnic vocabulary is also heavily influenced by [[Moshurian]] due to the regional status of Arnah in the Moshurian Empire. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Plosive | ! Plosive | ||
| p b || || t d || || k g || || | | p b || || t d || || k g || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
| m || (ɱ) || n || || ŋ || ɲ || | | m || (ɱ) || n || || ŋ || ɲ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Tap or flap/Trill | ! Tap or flap/Trill | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| || f v || s z || ʃ | | || f v || s z || ʃ || x || (ç) || ʁ || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! (Lateral) Approximant | ! (Lateral) Approximant | ||
| w || || l || || | | w || || l || || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/ç/ is an allophone of /x/ before monophthong /i/ or /e/(/xi/ > /çi/, but /xei/ doesn't become */çei/). In Eastern dialects, /x/ merges with /ʁ/ in intervocalic positions, and thus may sometimes be pronounced [χ]. | |||
====Palatalisation & labialisation==== | ====Palatalisation & labialisation==== | ||
When a plosive is followed by a front close or near-front near-close vowel, the plosive palatalises, as so:<br> | When a plosive is followed by a front close or near-front near-close vowel, the plosive palatalises, as so:<br> | ||
: /g/ + /i/ → [gʲi] | : /g/ + /i/ → [gʲi] | ||
When a plosive is followed by a back vowel like /u/, the plosive | When a plosive is followed by a back vowel like /u/, the plosive labialises instead, as so:<br> | ||
: /g/ + /u/ → [gʷu] | : /g/ + /u/ → [gʷu] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Near-close | ! Near-close | ||
| || | | || ʏ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close-mid | ! Close-mid | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| a | | a || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/ɐ/ and /a/ are separate phonemes except in the Central Inarduizan dialect, where /a/ only appears in initial position and [ɐ] replaces any other phonemic position of /a/. In the Yav-Yanach dialects, /ɐ/ can either merge with /a/(''Arnah'' /arnɐh/ > /arnah/) or both /a/ and /ɐ/ can merge into a central /ä/(/arnɐh/ > /ärnäh/). | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
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Arnic personal pronouns are denoted by animacy, person and number. Only the first person pronoun(s) are not denoted by animacy. | Arnic personal pronouns are denoted by animacy, person and number. Only the first person pronoun(s) are not denoted by animacy. | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | First person !! | ! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | First person !! rowspan=2 | Second person !! colspan=2 | Third person | ||
|- class=small | |- class=small | ||
! inanimate !! animate | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Singular | ! Singular | ||
| colspan=2 | ''kir'' || ''hish'' || '' | | colspan=2 | ''kir'' || ''hish'' || ''ish'' || ''shova'' | ||
|- | |||
! Dual | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kire'' || ''hesh'' || ''ishe'' || ''shoev'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Plural | ! Plural | ||
| colspan=2 | '' | | colspan=2 | ''kiir'' || ''hishi'' || ''ishi'' || ''shovi'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Demonstrative==== | ====Demonstrative==== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | | ! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Proximal !! colspan=2 | Distal | ||
|- class=small | |- class=small | ||
! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate | ! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate | ||
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! Singular | ! Singular | ||
| ''reh'' || ''yach'' || ''vah'' || ''kech'' | | ''reh'' || ''yach'' || ''vah'' || ''kech'' | ||
|- | |||
! Dual | |||
| ''rei'' || ''yache'' || colspan=2 | ''vae'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Plural | ! Plural | ||
| ''rehi'' || ''yachi'' || ''vahi'' || ''kesh'' | | ''rehi'' || ''yachi'' || ''vahi'' || ''kesh'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Arnic nouns are inflected by number, animacy and case. | Arnic nouns are inflected by number, animacy and case. | ||
====Number==== | ====Number==== | ||
Nouns are inflected by whether they are singular, dual or plural. Singular nouns | Nouns are inflected by whether they are singular, dual or plural. Singular nouns aren't inflected, while dual nouns are inflected by a ''-e'', and plural nouns are inflected by an ''-i''. The dual noun suffix is also used as an equivalent of the English particle "both". | ||
====Cases==== | ====Cases==== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Inanimate | ! Inanimate | ||
| rowspan=2 | - || ''- | | rowspan=2 | - || ''-arin'' || ''-akach'' || ''-egom'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
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: This man eats food. | : This man eats food. | ||
If ''sadach''("plant"), an inanimate noun(though one could argue plants are alive) were used, the noun case would be as so: | If ''sadach''("plant"), an inanimate noun(though one could argue plants are alive) were used, the noun case would be as so: | ||
: '''''Reh''' sadach damoch''' | : '''''Reh''' sadach damoch'''arin''' madai.'' | ||
: <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>INAN</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>INAN</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | : <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>INAN</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>INAN</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | ||
: This plant eats food. | : This plant eats food. | ||
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[[Category:Arnic]] | [[Category:Arnic]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Radael]] | |||
[[Category:Gadaïc languages]] | |||
[[Category:Yeldhic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||