Carnian: Difference between revisions

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[[Carnian]] ([[w:Help:IPA|/ˈkɑːni.ən/]], Carn. ''carnisc'' [[w:Help:IPA|[kɐɾnɪ̌s(k)]]], ''carniscky jenzik'') is a Slavic language spoken in the Central European state of [[Carnia]], which encompasses the historical regions of Carinthia, Upper and Inner Carniola, the Slovene Littoral, the Province of Gorizia, Trieste, Istria, Rijeka, and the islands of Cres and Krk. The language represents a unique evolutionary branch within the Slavic family, having developed from Northwestern Alpine Slavic (NWAS) under distinct historical and sociolinguistic conditions that differentiate it significantly from its South Slavic neighbors.

'''Carnian''' ([[w:Help:IPA|/ˈkɑːni.ən/]], Carn. ''carnisc'' [[w:Help:IPA|[kɐɾnɪ̌s(k)]]], ''carniscky jenzik'') is a Slavic language spoken in the Central European state of [[Carnia]], which encompasses the historical regions of Carinthia, Upper and Inner Carniola, the Slovene Littoral, the Province of Gorizia, Trieste, Istria, Rijeka, and the islands of Cres and Krk. The language represents a unique evolutionary branch within the Slavic family, having developed from Northwestern Alpine Slavic (NWAS) under distinct historical and sociolinguistic conditions that differentiate it significantly from its South Slavic neighbors.

== Historical background ==

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* /ɔ/ is an open-mid back vowel [ɔ]. When preceded by /j/ it may be raised to mid [o̞]. In stressed closed syllables it is near-open [ɒ̝]. In unstressed syllables it is centralized [ɞ]

==== Open ~~vowel~~ ====

==== Open vowels ====

* /a/ is an open central vowel [ä]. In unstressed syllables, it is near-open [ɐ]

* Marginally phonemic /ɐ̃/ is a near-open central nasal vowel [ɐ̃]. Some speakers realize it as [ɐŋ] or raise it towards open-mid [ɜ̃]

==== Diphthongs ====

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* Morphophonemic spelling: Alternations caused by historical sound changes are preserved in spelling to maintain morphological transparency (e.g., ''bœc'' 'bull' vs. ''bœci'' 'bulls', where /k/ > /s/ is preserved orthographically as ⟨c⟩)

* Diacritics for disambiguation: The grave accent ⟨à, è⟩ marks unpredictable stress patterns and distinguishes minimal pairs (although the latter is in practice limited to didactic texts). It is also often used for hiatus marking to resolve potential ambiguities

* Diacritics for disambiguation: The grave accent ⟨à, è⟩ marks unpredictable stress patterns and distinguishes minimal pairs (although the latter is in practice limited to didactic texts). It is also often used for hiatus marking to resolve potential ambiguities. The circumflex is used over ⟨â⟩ to mark nasality in the emphatic suffix -â. These letters are not part of the alphabet; instead they are considered variants of the base letters.

* Gemination: Double consonants represent true geminates, not just orthographic conventions

* ⟨ea⟩ is used to represent etymological /ɛɐ̯/ even when it becomes indistinguishable from /ɛ/ (in closed and unstressed syllables), as long as it alternates with the full [ɛɐ̯] (cf. Nom. ''sneag'' [snɛ̂k], Gen. ''sneaga'' [snɛ̂ɐ̯gɐ] 'snow'). In words with no alternation, ⟨e⟩ is used (e.g., ''venno'' 'always')

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| [ɐ]

| ''nell'''a''''' 'Sunday'

|-

!colspan=2| â

| [ɐ̃]

| ''dup'''â''''' 'dammit'

|-

!colspan=2| b

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[[Category:Languages]]

[[Category:Carnian]]

[[Category:Carnian language]]

[[Category:Indo-European languages]]

[[Category:Slavic languages]]

[[Category:A posteriori]]

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 | brcl             =
 }}
-[[Carnian]] ([[w:Help:IPA|/ˈkɑːni.ən/]], Carn. ''carnisc'' [[w:Help:IPA|[kɐɾnɪ̌s(k)]]], ''carniscky jenzik'') is a Slavic language spoken in the Central European state of [[Carnia]], which encompasses the historical regions of Carinthia, Upper and Inner Carniola, the Slovene Littoral, the Province of Gorizia, Trieste, Istria, Rijeka, and the islands of Cres and Krk. The language represents a unique evolutionary branch within the Slavic family, having developed from Northwestern Alpine Slavic (NWAS) under distinct historical and sociolinguistic conditions that differentiate it significantly from its South Slavic neighbors.
+'''Carnian''' ([[w:Help:IPA|/ˈkɑːni.ən/]], Carn. ''carnisc'' [[w:Help:IPA|[kɐɾnɪ̌s(k)]]], ''carniscky jenzik'') is a Slavic language spoken in the Central European state of [[Carnia]], which encompasses the historical regions of Carinthia, Upper and Inner Carniola, the Slovene Littoral, the Province of Gorizia, Trieste, Istria, Rijeka, and the islands of Cres and Krk. The language represents a unique evolutionary branch within the Slavic family, having developed from Northwestern Alpine Slavic (NWAS) under distinct historical and sociolinguistic conditions that differentiate it significantly from its South Slavic neighbors.
 == Historical background ==
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 * /ɔ/ is an open-mid back vowel [ɔ]. When preceded by /j/ it may be raised to mid [o̞]. In stressed closed syllables it is near-open [ɒ̝]. In unstressed syllables it is centralized [ɞ]
-==== Open vowel ====
+==== Open vowels ====
 * /a/ is an open central vowel [ä]. In unstressed syllables, it is near-open [ɐ]
+* Marginally phonemic /ɐ̃/ is a near-open central nasal vowel [ɐ̃]. Some speakers realize it as [ɐŋ] or raise it towards open-mid [ɜ̃]
 ==== Diphthongs ====
@@ Line 365: / Line 367: @@
 * Morphophonemic spelling: Alternations caused by historical sound changes are preserved in spelling to maintain morphological transparency (e.g., ''bœc'' 'bull' vs. ''bœci'' 'bulls', where /k/ > /s/ is preserved orthographically as ⟨c⟩)
-* Diacritics for disambiguation: The grave accent ⟨à, è⟩ marks unpredictable stress patterns and distinguishes minimal pairs (although the latter is in practice limited to didactic texts). It is also often used for hiatus marking to resolve potential ambiguities
+* Diacritics for disambiguation: The grave accent ⟨à, è⟩ marks unpredictable stress patterns and distinguishes minimal pairs (although the latter is in practice limited to didactic texts). It is also often used for hiatus marking to resolve potential ambiguities. The circumflex is used over ⟨â⟩ to mark nasality in the emphatic suffix -â. These letters are not part of the alphabet; instead they are considered variants of the base letters.
 * Gemination: Double consonants represent true geminates, not just orthographic conventions
 * ⟨ea⟩ is used to represent etymological /ɛɐ̯/ even when it becomes indistinguishable from /ɛ/ (in closed and unstressed syllables), as long as it alternates with the full [ɛɐ̯] (cf. Nom. ''sneag'' [snɛ̂k], Gen. ''sneaga'' [snɛ̂ɐ̯gɐ] 'snow'). In words with no alternation, ⟨e⟩ is used (e.g., ''venno'' 'always')
@@ Line 385: / Line 387: @@
 | [ɐ]
 | ''nell'''a''''' 'Sunday'
+|-
+!colspan=2| â
+| [ɐ̃]
+| ''dup'''â''''' 'dammit'
 |-
 !colspan=2| b
@@ Line 728: / Line 734: @@
 [[Category:Languages]]
-[[Category:Carnian]]
+[[Category:Carnian language]]
 [[Category:Indo-European languages]]
 [[Category:Slavic languages]]
 [[Category:A posteriori]]