Umbrean/Examples: Difference between revisions

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'''Active''' - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.
'''Active''' - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.


fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw
"''fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw''"
 
{{Um-IPA|fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw}}


fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw
fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw


wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}}
wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf.liv}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}}


A wolf bit me
"''A wolf bit me''"




'''Anti-Passive''' - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.
'''Anti-Passive''' - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.


fššedy ǧlovets
"''fššedy ǧlovŋets''"


fššed-y ǧlov-ets
{{Um-IPA|fššedy ǧlovŋets}}


wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}}
fššed-y ǧlov-ŋ-ets


A wolf is not biting <br> wolves don't bite
wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf.liv}} bite-{{sc|neg}}-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}}
 
"''A wolf is not biting''" <br> "''wolves don't bite''"




'''Passive''' - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement
'''Passive''' - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement


tswë ǧlovukwš
"''tswë ǧlovukwš''"
 
{{Um-IPA|tswë ǧlovukwš}}


tswë ǧlov-ukwš
tswë ǧlov-ukwš
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{{sc|1s.int}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term}}
{{sc|1s.int}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term}}


I stopped being bitten <br> I am stopping being bitten
"''I stopped being bitten''" <br> "''I am stopping being bitten''"
 
===Mood===
===Mood===
'''Optative'''
'''Indicative''' - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself
 
"''Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll''"
 
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll}}
 
Tšees fššed-ylw vvidj-ooll
 
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def.liv}} see-{{sc|ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}
 
"''I will see the wolf now/soon''"
 
'''Optative''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel


Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill
"''Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill''"


{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill}}
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill}}
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Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill
Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill


{{sc|1s.erg}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def.liv}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}
 
"''I want to see the wolf now/soon''"
 
'''Subjunctive''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel
 
"''Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall''"
 
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall}}
 
Tšees fššed-ylw uu>vvidj<lj-aall
 
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def.liv}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}
 
"''I probably will see the wolf soon''"
 
===Circumstantial Voice===
'''Normal'''
 
"''Tšees Žžötwolwmj  kwëltjom ëŋŋy tsmaakë''"
 
{{Um-IPA|Tšees Žžötwolwmj kwëltjom ëŋŋy tsmaakë}}
 
Tšees Žžötw-olwmj kwëltj-om ëŋŋ-y tsmaak-ë
 
{{sc|1s.erg}} meat-{{sc|acc.sg.def.liv}} knife-{{sc|acc.sg.indf.art}} with-{{sc|sg.art.3}} cut-{{sc|ind.aff.1.prs.ctn}}
 
"''I'm cutting the meat with a knife''"
 
'''Circumstantial'''
 
"''kwëltjii mljëŋŋ tsmaakiim''"
 
{{Um-IPA|kwëltjii mljëŋŋ tsmaakiim}}
 
kwëltj-ii mlj-ëŋŋ tsmaak-iim
 
knife-{{sc|int.sg.indf.art}} {{sc|acc.crcv}}-with cut-{{sc|ind.crcv.aff.3.prs.ctn}}
 
"''With a knife, cutting is being done''"<br>
"''Cutting is being done with a knife''"
 
==Participles==
===Adjectival Participles===
 
 
"''Tsmaakëzvjevj žžötwiilw''"
 
{{Um-IPA|Tsmaakëzvjevj žžötwiilw}}
 
Tsmaak-ëzvj-evj žžötw-iilw
 
Cut-{{sc|ind.1.pst.pfv.antip.aff}}-{{sc|pst.pfv.antip.pcp.aff.int.liv}} meat-{{sc|sg.liv.int.def}}
 
"''The cut meat''"


I want to see the wolf
===Adverbial Participles===


===Circumstantial===
[[Category:Umbrean]]
[[Category:Umbrean]]

Latest revision as of 09:39, 25 May 2013

Verb

VAT

Active - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.

"fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw"

/fʃ:edys: t͡sumj xlovɛsw:/

fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw

wolf-erg.s.indf.liv 1s.acc bite-1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf

"A wolf bit me"


Anti-Passive - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.

"fššedy ǧlovŋets"

/fʃ:edy xlovŋet͡s/

fššed-y ǧlov-ŋ-ets

wolf-int.s.indf.liv bite-neg-1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont

"A wolf is not biting"
"wolves don't bite"


Passive - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement

"tswë ǧlovukwš"

/t͡swɛ xlovʉkwʃ/

tswë ǧlov-ukwš

1s.int bite-1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term

"I stopped being bitten"
"I am stopping being bitten"

Mood

Indicative - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself

"Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll"

/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw v:ɨdjo:l:/

Tšees fššed-ylw vvidj-ooll

1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def.liv see-ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep

"I will see the wolf now/soon"

Optative - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel

"Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill"

/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ɒv:ɨdjlɨ:l:/

Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill

1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def.liv <opt>see-opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep

"I want to see the wolf now/soon"

Subjunctive - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel

"Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall"

/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ʉ:v:ɨdljɒ:l:/

Tšees fššed-ylw uu>vvidj<lj-aall

1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def.liv <sjv>see-sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep

"I probably will see the wolf soon"

Circumstantial Voice

Normal

"Tšees Žžötwolwmj kwëltjom ëŋŋy tsmaakë"

/t͡ʃe:s ʒ:ɵtwolwmj kwɛltjom ɛŋ:y t͡smɒ:kɛ/

Tšees Žžötw-olwmj kwëltj-om ëŋŋ-y tsmaak-ë

1s.erg meat-acc.sg.def.liv knife-acc.sg.indf.art with-sg.art.3 cut-ind.aff.1.prs.ctn

"I'm cutting the meat with a knife"

Circumstantial

"kwëltjii mljëŋŋ tsmaakiim"

/kwɛltjɨ: mljɛŋ: t͡smɒ:kɨ:m/

kwëltj-ii mlj-ëŋŋ tsmaak-iim

knife-int.sg.indf.art acc.crcv-with cut-ind.crcv.aff.3.prs.ctn

"With a knife, cutting is being done"
"Cutting is being done with a knife"

Participles

Adjectival Participles

"Tsmaakëzvjevj žžötwiilw"

/t͡smɒ:kɛzvjevj ʒ:ɵtwɨ:lw/

Tsmaak-ëzvj-evj žžötw-iilw

Cut-ind.1.pst.pfv.antip.aff-pst.pfv.antip.pcp.aff.int.liv meat-sg.liv.int.def

"The cut meat"

Adverbial Participles