User:Ceige/Madhyasthani

Sound changes from Indo-Iranian / Sanskrit / IE to Classical Madhyasthani

Vowels

• a, ā, i, ī, u, ū all stay the same

• ay > ē, aw > ō, but āy and āw tend to stay intact (as āi, āu)

Consonants

• aspirates tend to stay intact
• (weak?) retroflex plosives rt, rd etc tend to merge with -r-, while the retroflex nasal tends to merge with n.
• every second non-tonic plosive tends to lenite away unless the plosive before it is of a higher sonority in which case that one should lenite instead. Not a hard and fast rule.
• š and s' merge
• Some arbitrary contractions here and there

Sound changes from Classical to later Madhyasthani dialects

• Dialect #1: umlauting occurs for /a/.

• mádhya > maidh (> medh)

• Dialect #2: palatalisation of t/d occurs

• mádhya > majh, mejh (> maj(a), mej(a)) (mejhastani)

• Dialect #1.5: lenition of intermedial voiced stops

• Ƀ, ƀ _ Đ, đ - međastani

Example wordlist

• mádhya > majh
• saknā / saktā = can
• hai = am, is, are
• thā, (??) = was
• -ho = plural
• nāi = not (no?) (na = don't)
• andar, 'dar, dar = in, into, within
• bhāšǎ = language