Contionary:ⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ

Maryan Coptic

Etymology

Inherited from Hebrew כתב (katav).

• Estimated pronunciation evolution:
  • (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 B.C.E.) IPA: /ˈkʰaːtab/
  • (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 B.C.E.) IPA: /ˈkʰaːtab/
  • (Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 B.C.E.) IPA: /ˈkʰaːtəb/
  • (Late Egyptian, c. 800 B.C.E.) IPA: /ˈkʰoːtəβ/
  • (Early Demotic, c. 450 B.C.E.) IPA: /ˈkʰoːtəβ/
  • (Late Demotic / Old Maryan, c. 100 B.C.E.) IPA: /ˈkʰoːtəβ/

Pronunciation

• (Nahlic) IPA: [ˈkʰɑː.təv]

Verb

ⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ (kʰōteb) t5. (construct ⲭⲉⳕⲧⲉⲃ, pronominal ⲭⲟⲑⲃ-, qualitative ⲭⲟⲧⲉⲃ)

1. (Nahlic) to write

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
infinitive		ⲉ̀ⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	negative infinitive		ⲉ̀ϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
imperative		ⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	negative imperative		ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲣⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
		singular					plural
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
present	simple present	ϯⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲥⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	relative	ⲉϯⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲭⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲕⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	conditional	ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲩⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	negative	ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	affirmative preterite	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	negative preterite	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	relative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	negative	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲕⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉϥⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲥⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲩⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	negative	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲛⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
jussive, causative	jussive	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲙⲁⲣⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	affirmative causative	ⲑⲣⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲑⲣⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲑⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲑⲣⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲑⲣⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	negative causative	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
conditional	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	negative	ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
conjunctive	affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	negative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲛⲧⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
limitative, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁϯⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ϣⲁⲧⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ
	expectative	ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲩⲭⲱⲧⲉⲃ

Synonyms

• (Central) ⲥϧⲁⲓ (sḫai)