|
|
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Classmeter
| | #REDIRECT [[Annerish]] |
| |Name = Anrish
| |
| |NativeName = tenga Ænrza<br />{{Rune|᛬ᛏᛖᛝᚭ·ᛆᚾᚱᛋᚭ᛬}}
| |
| |Type = Fusional
| |
| |Alignment = Nominative-accusative
| |
| |Head =
| |
| |Tonal = yes
| |
| |Declined = yes
| |
| |Conjugated = yes
| |
| |Genders = 0
| |
| |NCase = yes
| |
| |NNumber = yes
| |
| |NDefiniteness = yes
| |
| |NGender = no
| |
| |VVoice = yes
| |
| |VMood = yes
| |
| |VPerson = yes
| |
| |VNumber = yes
| |
| |VTense = yes
| |
| |VAspect = no
| |
| | |
| |Phonology=100
| |
| |NounCases=100
| |
| |NounDef=100
| |
| |NounNumbers=100
| |
| |NounGender=100
| |
| |VerbPerson=100
| |
| |VerbNumber=100
| |
| |VerbAspect=100
| |
| |VerbTense=100
| |
| |VerbMood=100
| |
| |VerbVoice=100
| |
| |AdjCase=100
| |
| |AdjNumber=100
| |
| |AdjDef=100
| |
| |AdjGen=100
| |
| |AdjComparative=100
| |
| |AdjSuperlative=100
| |
| |Supine=100
| |
| |Gerund=100
| |
| |Participle=100
| |
| |Infinitive=100
| |
| |Modality=100
| |
| |Words=50
| |
| | |
| |adjective = final
| |
| |adposition = final
| |
| |adverb= final
| |
| |article= initial
| |
| |relativeclause = initial
| |
| |nounclause = mixed
| |
| |order = OVS
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Infobox language
| |
| | name = Anrish
| |
| | nativename = tenga Ænrza<br />{{Rune|᛬ᛏᛖᛝᚭ·ᛆᚾᚱᛋᚭ᛬}}
| |
| | pronunciation = ˈteŋɡa ˈai̯nrt͡sa
| |
| | familycolor = Indo-European
| |
| | image = Flag of Anerrot.png
| |
| | imagecaption = The official flag of the nation of Anerrot.
| |
| | nation = [[Verse:Anerrot|Anerrot]]
| |
| | setting = [[Verse:Anerrot|Anerrot]], northwest of Ireland
| |
| | creator = [[User:Ceolsige18|Ariadna Egnras]]
| |
| | fam2 = [[:w:Centum and satem languages|Centum]]
| |
| | fam3 = [[:w:Proto-Germanic language|Germanic]]
| |
| | ancestor = [[Old Anrish]]
| |
| | ancestor2 = [[Anrish/Middle Anrish|Middle Anrish]]
| |
| | clcr = qrz
| |
| }}
| |
| '''Anrish''' (tenga Ænrza, ''Runic:''{{Rune|᛬ᛏᛖᛝᚭ·ᛆᚾᚱᛋᚭ᛬}}) is a Germanic language created by [[User:Ceolsige18|Ariadna Egnras]] to be a language spoken by the native inhabitants of [[Verse:Anerrot|Anerrot]], an archipelago and nation encompassing such to the northwest of Ireland.
| |
| | |
| The language, while being ultimately [[:w:Germanic languages|Germanic]], is influenced by [[:w:Celtic languages|Celtic]] (more commonly by [[:w:Goidelic languages|Goidelic]]), [[:w:North Germanic languages|North Germanic languages]], and Ariadna's native idiolect of Bulgarian. Thus making the language [[a posteriori]], with a defined system of evolution throuğ [[Anrish/Old Anrish|Old]] & [[Anrish/Middle Anrish|Middle Anrish]].
| |
| <!--
| |
| | |
| This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
| |
| | |
| I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
| |
| II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
| |
| III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
| |
| | |
| -->
| |
| ==History==
| |
| <!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
| |
| | |
| <!-- Example categories/headings:
| |
| | |
| Goals
| |
| Setting
| |
| Inspiration
| |
| | |
| -->
| |
| ===Etymology===
| |
| The name "Anrish" is derived simply from a combination of the Anrish endonym [[Contionary:Anr#Anrish|Anr]] + -ish in English. Similarly, Anerrot is derived from a compound in Anrish of [[Contionary:Anr#Anrish|Anr]] + [[Contionary:ort#Anrish|ort]], translating approximately to "the place of the Anrish".
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| <!-- ***Phonology*** -->
| |
| <!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
| |
| <!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
| |
| | |
| Vowel inventory
| |
| Consonant inventory
| |
| Syllable structure
| |
| Stress
| |
| Intonation
| |
| | |
| -->
| |
| ===Orthography===
| |
| {| class="sortable bluetable" style="background:white; text-align:left;"
| |
| !Latin<br />initial
| |
| !Latin <br />medial
| |
| !Runic<br />initial
| |
| !Runic <br />medial
| |
| !IPA <br />sound
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|A a
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚭ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/a/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|Æ æ
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛆ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ai̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|AU Au au
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛆᚢ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/au̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |B b
| |
| |rowspan=2|P p
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛒ}}
| |
| |rowspan=2|{{Rune|ᛄ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/b/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |P p
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛄ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/p/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |BR Br br
| |
| |PR pr
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛒᚱ}}
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛄᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/pr/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |C c
| |
| |rowspan=2|K k
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚳ}}
| |
| |rowspan=2|{{Rune|ᚳ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/k/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |G g
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚷ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |rowspan=2|D d
| |
| |Ð ð
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚴ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ð/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |rowspan=2|T t
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚴ}}
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛏ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/d/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |T t
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛏ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/t/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |DL dl
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚴᚹ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/tɬ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |DR Dr dr
| |
| |TR tr
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚴᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/tr/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|E e
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛖ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|EA Ea ea
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛆᛁ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɛa̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|EI Ei ei
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛖᛁ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɛi̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|EO Eo eo
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛖᚭ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɛo̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|F f
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚠ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/f/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |FR Fr fr
| |
| |FR fr
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚠᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/fr/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |FS fs
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚠᛞ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/fs/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |FT ft
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚠᛏ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/fd/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |GN Gn gn
| |
| |NG ng
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛝ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ŋ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |GNR gnr
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛝᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ŋʀ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |GNT gnt
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛝᚴ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ŋd/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |H h
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚼ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|/h/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |HL Hl hl
| |
| |LH lh
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚹ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɬ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |HR Hr hr
| |
| |RH rh
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚻ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ʀ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|I i
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛁ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/i/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|IO Io io
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛁᚢ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/iu̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |J j
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛁ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|/j/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |KR kr
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚳᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/kʀ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|L l
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛚ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/l/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |LB lb
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛚᚠ}}, {{Rune|ᚱᚠ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/rf/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |LK lk
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛚᚳ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɬɡ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |LT lt
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚹᚴ}}, {{Rune|ᛚᚴ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɬd/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|M m
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛘ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/m/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |MP mp
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛘᛄ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/mb/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |MR mr
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛘᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/mr/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |MT mt
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛘᛏ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/md/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|N n
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚾ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/n/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |NR nr
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚾᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/nr/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |NT nt
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚾᛏ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/nd/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |NZ nz
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚾᛋ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/nt͡s/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|O o
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚮ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɔ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|OU Ou ou
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚮᚢ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ʌu̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|R r
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚱ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/r/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |RK rk
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚱᚳ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ʀɡ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |RT rt
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚱᛏ, ᚱᚴ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɹd/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |RZ rz
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚱᛋ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɹt͡s/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|S s
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛞ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/s/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |SR Sr sr
| |
| |RR rr
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛊ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɹ/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|U u
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚢ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/u/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |X x
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚻᛞ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ʀs/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |XT xt
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚻᚴ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ʀt/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |XZ xz
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᚻᛋ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ʀt͡s/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|Y y
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛦ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/iɤ̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|Ý ý
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᚣ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɤi̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|YØ Yø yø
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛦᚢ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ĭɤʊ̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |Z z
| |
| |
| |
| |{{Rune|ᛋ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|Ø ø
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛟ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/ui̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|Ǫ ǫ
| |
| |colspan=2|{{Rune|ᛆᚭ}}
| |
| |{{IPA|/uʌ̯/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=2|◌́
| |
| |colspan=2|
| |
| |{{IPA|/◌ː/}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| ====Latin====
| |
| The Latin alphabet as a part of the language was introduced by Irish & Norse Christian missionaries during the Middle ages. Because of the ill-suiting of Irish phonology & its Latin to the language, coupled with the reaction to attempted colonization, their influence was left minimal, with the Nordic innovations being much better suited, allowing the written language to appear "Germanic-esque" in a sense. Another major factor in the Romanization of Anrish was the later advent of the printing press, created exclusively for Latin-based writing systems.
| |
| | |
| ====Runic====
| |
| The Runic alphabet has existed as a part of the language even prior to the migration to the archipelago by the Anrish, and was likely the first writing system to be adopted by the language.
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| {| class=bluetable style=text-align:center
| |
| |+ Anrish consonant phonemes
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2|
| |
| !Labial
| |
| !Coronal
| |
| !Dorsal
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2|Nasal
| |
| |{{IPA|m}}
| |
| |{{IPA|n}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ŋ}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=2|Stop
| |
| !voiceless
| |
| |{{IPA|p}}
| |
| |{{IPA|t}}
| |
| |{{IPA|k}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !voiced
| |
| |{{IPA|b}}
| |
| |{{IPA|d}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ɡ}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2|Affricate
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|t͡s}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=2|Fricative
| |
| !voiceless
| |
| |{{IPA|f}}
| |
| |{{IPA|s}}
| |
| |rowspan=2|{{IPA|h}}<small><ref name=a group=note>Complimentary distribution; could be analyzed as same phoneme.</ref></small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !voiced
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|ð}}<small><ref name=a group=note /></small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2|Tap
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|r}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ʀ}}<small><ref name=c group=note>Semi-complimentary distribution; could be analyzed as cluster allophone of {{IPA|/r/}}.</ref></small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2|Approximant
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|ɹ}}<small><ref name=c group=note /></small>
| |
| |{{IPA|j}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=2|Lateral
| |
| !fricative
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|ɬ}}<small><ref name=b group=note>Semi-complimentary distribution with {{IPA|/l/}}; could be analyzed as cluster of {{IPA|/hl/}}.</ref></small>
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !approx.
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|l}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| <references group=note />
| |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {| class=bluetable style=text-align:center
| |
| |+ Anrish vowel phonemes
| |
| |-
| |
| !
| |
| !Front
| |
| !Central
| |
| !Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !Hiğ
| |
| |{{IPA|i}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ĭɤʊ̯}}
| |
| |{{IPA|u}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !Open-mid
| |
| |{{IPA|ɛ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|ɔ}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !Low
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|a}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class=bluetable style=text-align:center
| |
| |+ Anrish diphthong phonemes
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2 rowspan=2|
| |
| !colspan=3|Ending
| |
| |-
| |
| !Front
| |
| !Central
| |
| !Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=5|Intitial
| |
| !{{IPA|/ä-/}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ai̯}}
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|au̯}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !{{IPA|/ɛ-/}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ɛi̯}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ɛa̯}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ɛo̯}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !{{IPA|/i-/}}
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|iɤ̯}}
| |
| |{{IPA|iu̯}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !{{IPA|/ə̠-/}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ɤi̯}}
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|ʌu̯}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !{{IPA|/u-/}}
| |
| |{{IPA|ui̯}}
| |
| |{{IPA|uʌ̯}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| ===Prosody===
| |
| ====Stress====
| |
| ====Intonation====
| |
| | |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |
| <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
| |
| '''Syllable Structure:''' (C)({{IPA|r}})V(C)<sup>2</sup>
| |
| <br />Where:
| |
| *C = Consonant
| |
| *{{IPA|r}} = {{IPA|/r/}}
| |
| *V = Vowel
| |
| #An epenthetic short vowel must occur between {{IPA|/r/}} and a following labial in the coda.
| |
| #Truely voiceless consonants may only occur in initial position.
| |
| #If there is a {{IPA|/r/}} in initial position, only {{IPA|/p/, /t/, /f/}} may precede it.
| |
| #{{IPA|/r/}} is often realized as {{IPA|[ɾ]}}.
| |
| #{{IPA|/a/}} is often realized as {{IPA|[ä], [ɐ̞]}}.
| |
| #{{IPA|/f/, /b/}} often mutate into variations of {{IPA|/v/}}.
| |
| #{{IPA|/pr/, /tɬ/, /tr/, /fr/, /fs/, /fd/, /ŋg/, /ŋʀ/, /ŋd/, /kʀ/, /rf/, /ɬɡ/, /ɬd/, /mb/, /mr/, /md/, /nr/, /nd/, /nt͡s/, /ʀɡ/, /ɹd/, /ɹt͡s/, /ʀs/, /ʀt/, /ʀt͡s/}} are the only clusters that may occupy the coda.
| |
| #The coda of the syllable is often medial, and is synonymous with such for the purposes of this article.
| |
| #{{IPA|/hl/, /ðl/}} cannot occur and must mutate into /ɬ/.
| |
| #Laterals cannot occur near labials.
| |
| | |
| ===Morphophonology===
| |
| | |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
| |
| | |
| <!-- Here are some example subcategories:
| |
| | |
| Nouns
| |
| Adjectives
| |
| Verbs
| |
| Adverbs
| |
| Particles
| |
| Derivational morphology
| |
| | |
| -->
| |
| [[File:Anrish-stopsign.jpg|thumb|An example of Anrish verb morphology; a stop-siğn with "[[Contionary:azé|azeð]]" (stop.2.{{sc|act}}.{{sc|npst}}.{{sc|sjv}}) on it.]]
| |
| ===Nouns===
| |
| Unlike many other Germanic languages, Anrish has a 3rd-dimensional declension system consisting of a singular/plural number-distinction, a definiteness-distinction, and a case-distinction of only common, dative, & genitive. The properties of noun-declension are then divided into the 3 categories of a-stem, u-stem, & i-stem.
| |
| ===Adjectives===
| |
| Firstly, it must be noted that adverbs are not a separate part of speech from adjectives in Anrish. Most adjectives are sufficized with either ‹-a› or ‹-e›
| |
| | |
| Aside from certain independent adjectives, adjectives are often either considered to be a conjugation of its equivalent verb and vice-versa, with contrasting causative and predicative verb equivalents where the adjective is considered to be the attributive conjugate. Adjectives that are derived from nouns are often simply a mutation on the root plus the addition of an adjective-forming [[Contionary:-éa#Anrish|-éa]] suffix, and lack verbal & comparative forms because of this.
| |
| | |
| Comparatives are typically derived by the addition of an ‹-ra› or {{IPA|/-sa/}} to a mutation on the final consonant, where {{IPA|/k/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /t/}} will give ‹-r›, and {{IPA|/ð/, /f/, /l/, /ɬ/, /r/, /s/}} will give {{IPA|/-s/}}. The exceptions to this being a lone ‹s›, which will give ‹-rra› {{IPA|/-ɹa/}}. An uncomparativized adjective ending in ‹-a› will undergo i-umlaut to the primary vowel, particularly in disyllabic words. An interesting feature of this law is that non-syllabic vowels are considered to be a consonant for the purposes of adding the comparative-former to, but revert to a syllabic state upon the addition of the consonant.
| |
| | |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| With conjugation divided according to classes, an arbitraty weak/strong distinction, and a impersonal/semi-transitive distinction, Anrish has a 4th-dimensional conjugation system consisting of an active/passive voice-distinction, a 1/2/3 form-distinction, a non-past/past tense-distinction, and a subjunctive/indicative mood-distinction. Regarding the form-distinction in particular, the 3 forms correspond directly to a person-distinction, but are differentiated because of sound-changes merging archaic forms, as follows:
| |
| {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
| |
| !colspan=2|
| |
| !Singular
| |
| !Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=2|1st person
| |
| !{{sc|in}}
| |
| |colspan=2 style="background:lightblue"|form 1
| |
| |-
| |
| !{{sc|ex}}
| |
| |style="background:lightblue"|form 1
| |
| |style="background:lightgreen"|form 3
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2|2nd person
| |
| |colspan=2 style="background:yellow"|form 2
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2|3rd person
| |
| |style="background:yellow"|form 2
| |
| |style="background:lightgreen"|form 3
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| Aside from normal conjugation, verbs may also be declined as verbal nouns, often restricted to singular number.
| |
| | |
| ==Syntax==
| |
| ===Constituent order===
| |
| The constituent order of words in any given sentence is typically object-verb-subject (OVS).
| |
| ===Noun phrase===
| |
| All relative clauses and modifiers typically precede the noun as the head of an argument.
| |
| ===Verb phrase===
| |
| ===Sentence phrase===
| |
| ===Dependent clauses===
| |
| ===Morphosyntactic aliğnment===
| |
| It must be noted that the language is conventionally considered to be nominative-accusative in the sense that it's Centum and not ergative-absolutive. This is due to the fact that the language does not decline nouns according to aliğnment, rather thus placing the language more in the category of direct aliğnment; a situation similar to that of English.
| |
| | |
| ==Example texts==
| |
| {{main|:Category:Anrish literature}}
| |
| | |
| [[File:Anrish-Times of day.png|thumb|Times of the day in Anrish.]]
| |
| | |
| *[[Literature:Ishtar spoke to her father#Anrish|Ishtar spoke to her father]] - Eð ætene púruð Ishtar
| |
| | |
| ===Swadesh list===
| |
| {{Swadesh
| |
| |language=Anrish
| |
| |nativename=tenga Ænrza
| |
| |I=mea
| |
| |you (singular)=ú
| |
| |he=y
| |
| |we=ór
| |
| |you (plural)=yru
| |
| |they=yr
| |
| |this=hæ
| |
| |that=jà
| |
| |here=hané
| |
| |there=jàné
| |
| |who=fa
| |
| |what=fæ
| |
| |where=
| |
| |when=
| |
| |how=fé
| |
| |not=è
| |
| |all=fær
| |
| |many=
| |
| |some=
| |
| |few=
| |
| |other=
| |
| |one=nau
| |
| |two=pár
| |
| |three=hrír
| |
| |four=feir
| |
| |five=fimt
| |
| |big=sóra
| |
| |long=hlanga
| |
| |wide=jona
| |
| |thick=bynue
| |
| |heavy=
| |
| |small=píue
| |
| |short=gnøta
| |
| |narrow=
| |
| |thin=
| |
| |woman=ænur
| |
| |man (adult male)=caur
| |
| |man (human being)=ap
| |
| |child=eoð
| |
| |wife=fè
| |
| |husband=fæð
| |
| |mother=múr
| |
| |father=æt
| |
| |animal=
| |
| |fish=
| |
| |bird=jarp
| |
| |dog=
| |
| |louse=gnyt
| |
| |snake=
| |
| |worm=møt
| |
| |tree=
| |
| |forest=
| |
| |stick=
| |
| |fruit=
| |
| |seed=
| |
| |leaf=felh
| |
| |root=
| |
| |bark=
| |
| |flower=
| |
| |grass=
| |
| |rope=
| |
| |skin=
| |
| |meat= gorút
| |
| |blood=dør
| |
| |bone=gnok
| |
| |fat=
| |
| |egg=neik
| |
| |horn=
| |
| |tail=
| |
| |feather=
| |
| |hair=
| |
| |head=
| |
| |ear=hlús
| |
| |eye=oú
| |
| |nose=næf
| |
| |mouth=múl
| |
| |tooth=
| |
| |tongue=teng
| |
| |fingernail=
| |
| |foot=
| |
| |leg=løu
| |
| |knee=
| |
| |hand=gǫnt
| |
| |wing=
| |
| |belly=
| |
| |guts=
| |
| |neck=gaz
| |
| |back=hrý
| |
| |breast=
| |
| |heart=gert
| |
| |liver=
| |
| |drink=
| |
| |eat=etá
| |
| |bite=
| |
| |suck=
| |
| |spit=
| |
| |vomit=
| |
| |blow=
| |
| |breathe=ǽðí
| |
| |laugh=cioké
| |
| |see=heuá
| |
| |hear=
| |
| |know=cuná
| |
| |think=
| |
| |smell=
| |
| |fear=
| |
| |sleep=
| |
| |live=naré
| |
| |die=
| |
| |kill=
| |
| |fight=
| |
| |hunt=jaué
| |
| |hit=
| |
| |cut=
| |
| |split=
| |
| |stab=
| |
| |scratch=
| |
| |dig=
| |
| |swim=
| |
| |fly=
| |
| |walk=aðá
| |
| |come=
| |
| |lie=líá
| |
| |sit=
| |
| |stand=
| |
| |turn=
| |
| |fall=
| |
| |give=dá
| |
| |hold=
| |
| |squeeze=
| |
| |rub=
| |
| |wash=
| |
| |wipe=
| |
| |pull=
| |
| |push=
| |
| |throw=
| |
| |tie=
| |
| |sew=
| |
| |count=
| |
| |say=jeuá
| |
| |sing=
| |
| |play=
| |
| |float=
| |
| |flow=
| |
| |freeze=pælí
| |
| |swell=
| |
| |sun=peaur
| |
| |moon=méo
| |
| |star=tonu
| |
| |water=lau
| |
| |rain=ras
| |
| |river=
| |
| |lake=
| |
| |sea=
| |
| |salt=halá
| |
| |stone=
| |
| |sand=
| |
| |dust=
| |
| |earth=
| |
| |cloud=
| |
| |fog=
| |
| |sky=
| |
| |wind=
| |
| |snow=
| |
| |ice=
| |
| |smoke=
| |
| |fire=
| |
| |ashes=
| |
| |burn=
| |
| |road=
| |
| |mountain=
| |
| |red=
| |
| |green=ýe
| |
| |yellow=
| |
| |white=bá
| |
| |black=
| |
| |night=éft
| |
| |day=dó
| |
| |year=ætí
| |
| |warm=
| |
| |cold=pala
| |
| |full=
| |
| |new=nyøa
| |
| |old=
| |
| |good=faurha
| |
| |bad=læta
| |
| |rotten=
| |
| |dirty=
| |
| |straight=
| |
| |round=
| |
| |sharp=
| |
| |dull=
| |
| |smooth=
| |
| |wet=okua
| |
| |dry=
| |
| |correct=
| |
| |near=
| |
| |far=
| |
| |right=
| |
| |left=
| |
| |at=
| |
| |in=bì
| |
| |with=jo
| |
| |and=jo
| |
| |if=tà
| |
| |because=
| |
| |name=
| |
| }}
| |
| ===Leipzig-Jakarta list===
| |
| {{Leipzig-Jakarta
| |
| |language1=Anrish
| |
| |language2=
| |
| |language3=
| |
| |link1=Anrish
| |
| |link2=
| |
| |link3=
| |
| | |
| |fire1=
| |
| |fire2=
| |
| |fire3=
| |
| |nose1=næf
| |
| |nose2=
| |
| |nose3=
| |
| |go1=aðá
| |
| |go2=
| |
| |go3=
| |
| |water1=lau
| |
| |water2=
| |
| |water3=
| |
| |mouth1=múl
| |
| |mouth2=
| |
| |mouth3=
| |
| |tongue1=teng
| |
| |tongue2=
| |
| |tongue3=
| |
| |blood1=dør
| |
| |blood2=
| |
| |blood3=
| |
| |bone1=gnok
| |
| |bone2=
| |
| |bone3=
| |
| |you1=ú
| |
| |you2=
| |
| |you3=
| |
| |root1=
| |
| |root2=
| |
| |root3=
| |
| |come1=
| |
| |come2=
| |
| |come3=
| |
| |breast1=
| |
| |breast2=
| |
| |breast3=
| |
| |rain1=ras
| |
| |rain2=
| |
| |rain3=
| |
| |I1=mea
| |
| |I2=
| |
| |I3=
| |
| |name1=
| |
| |name2=
| |
| |name3=
| |
| |louse1=gnyt
| |
| |louse2=
| |
| |louse3=
| |
| |wing1=
| |
| |wing2=
| |
| |wing3=
| |
| |flesh1=gorút
| |
| |flesh2=
| |
| |flesh3=
| |
| |hand1=gǫnt
| |
| |hand2=
| |
| |hand3=
| |
| |fly1=
| |
| |fly2=
| |
| |fly3=
| |
| |night1=éft
| |
| |night2=
| |
| |night3=
| |
| |ear1=hlús
| |
| |ear2=
| |
| |ear3=
| |
| |neck1=gaz
| |
| |neck2=
| |
| |neck3=
| |
| |far1=
| |
| |far2=
| |
| |far3=
| |
| |do1=
| |
| |do2=
| |
| |do3=
| |
| |house1=
| |
| |house2=
| |
| |house3=
| |
| |stone1=
| |
| |stone2=
| |
| |stone3=
| |
| |bitter1=
| |
| |bitter2=
| |
| |bitter3=
| |
| |say1=jeuá
| |
| |say2=
| |
| |say3=
| |
| |tooth1=
| |
| |tooth2=
| |
| |tooth3=
| |
| |hair1=
| |
| |hair2=
| |
| |hair3=
| |
| |big1=sóra
| |
| |big2=
| |
| |big3=
| |
| |one1=nau
| |
| |one2=
| |
| |one3=
| |
| |who1=fa
| |
| |who2=
| |
| |who3=
| |
| |it1=y
| |
| |it2=
| |
| |it3=
| |
| |hit1=
| |
| |hit2=
| |
| |hit3=
| |
| |foot1=løu
| |
| |foot2=
| |
| |foot3=
| |
| |horn1=
| |
| |horn2=
| |
| |horn3=
| |
| |this1=hæ
| |
| |this2=
| |
| |this3=
| |
| |fish1=
| |
| |fish2=
| |
| |fish3=
| |
| |yesterday1=
| |
| |yesterday2=
| |
| |yesterday3=
| |
| |drink1=
| |
| |drink2=
| |
| |drink3=
| |
| |black1=
| |
| |black2=
| |
| |black3=
| |
| |navel1=
| |
| |navel2=
| |
| |navel3=
| |
| |stand1=
| |
| |stand2=
| |
| |stand3=
| |
| |bite1=
| |
| |bite2=
| |
| |bite3=
| |
| |back1=hrý
| |
| |back2=
| |
| |back3=
| |
| |wind1=
| |
| |wind2=
| |
| |wind3=
| |
| |smoke1=
| |
| |smoke2=
| |
| |smoke3=
| |
| |what1=fæ
| |
| |what2=
| |
| |what3=
| |
| |child1=eoð
| |
| |child2=
| |
| |child3=
| |
| |egg1=neik
| |
| |egg2=
| |
| |egg3=
| |
| |give1=dá
| |
| |give2=
| |
| |give3=
| |
| |new1=nyøa
| |
| |new2=
| |
| |new3=
| |
| |burn1=
| |
| |burn2=
| |
| |burn3=
| |
| |not1=è
| |
| |not2=
| |
| |not3=
| |
| |good1=faurha
| |
| |good2=
| |
| |good3=
| |
| |know1=cuná
| |
| |know2=
| |
| |know3=
| |
| |knee1=
| |
| |knee2=
| |
| |knee3=
| |
| |sand1=
| |
| |sand2=
| |
| |sand3=
| |
| |laugh1=cioké
| |
| |laugh2=
| |
| |laugh3=
| |
| |hear1=
| |
| |hear2=
| |
| |hear3=
| |
| |soil1=
| |
| |soil2=
| |
| |soil3=
| |
| |leaf1=felh
| |
| |leaf2=
| |
| |leaf3=
| |
| |red1=
| |
| |red2=
| |
| |red3=
| |
| |liver1=
| |
| |liver2=
| |
| |liver3=
| |
| |hide1=
| |
| |hide2=
| |
| |hide3=
| |
| |skin1=
| |
| |skin2=
| |
| |skin3=
| |
| |suck1=
| |
| |suck2=
| |
| |suck3=
| |
| |carry1=
| |
| |carry2=
| |
| |carry3=
| |
| |ant1=
| |
| |ant2=
| |
| |ant3=
| |
| |heavy1=
| |
| |heavy2=
| |
| |heavy3=
| |
| |take1=
| |
| |take2=
| |
| |take3=
| |
| |old1=
| |
| |old2=
| |
| |old3=
| |
| |eat1=etá
| |
| |eat2=
| |
| |eat3=
| |
| |thigh1=
| |
| |thigh2=
| |
| |thigh3=
| |
| |thick1=bynue
| |
| |thick2=
| |
| |thick3=
| |
| |long1=hlanga
| |
| |long2=
| |
| |long3=
| |
| |blow1=
| |
| |blow2=
| |
| |blow3=
| |
| |wood1=
| |
| |wood2=
| |
| |wood3=
| |
| |run1=
| |
| |run2=
| |
| |run3=
| |
| |fall1=
| |
| |fall2=
| |
| |fall3=
| |
| |eye1=où
| |
| |eye2=
| |
| |eye3=
| |
| |ash1=
| |
| |ash2=
| |
| |ash3=
| |
| |tail1=
| |
| |tail2=
| |
| |tail3=
| |
| |dog1=
| |
| |dog2=
| |
| |dog3=
| |
| |cry1=
| |
| |cry2=
| |
| |cry3=
| |
| |tie1=
| |
| |tie2=
| |
| |tie3=
| |
| |see1=heuá
| |
| |see2=
| |
| |see3=
| |
| |sweet1=
| |
| |sweet2=
| |
| |sweet3=
| |
| |rope1=
| |
| |rope2=
| |
| |rope3=
| |
| |shadow1=
| |
| |shadow2=
| |
| |shadow3=
| |
| |bird1=jarp
| |
| |bird2=
| |
| |bird3=
| |
| |salt1=halá
| |
| |salt2=
| |
| |salt3=
| |
| |small1=píue
| |
| |small2=
| |
| |small3=
| |
| |wide1=jona
| |
| |wide2=
| |
| |wide3=
| |
| |star1=tonu
| |
| |star2=
| |
| |star3=
| |
| |in1=bì
| |
| |in2=
| |
| |in3=
| |
| |hard1=
| |
| |hard2=
| |
| |hard3=
| |
| |crush1=
| |
| |crush2=
| |
| |crush3=
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| ===Chemistry===
| |
| {{Chemistry
| |
| |language=Anrish
| |
| |nativetitle=
| |
| | |
| |H=lauepí
| |
| |He=
| |
| |Li=
| |
| |Be=
| |
| |B=
| |
| |C=
| |
| |N=
| |
| |O=
| |
| |F=
| |
| |Ne=
| |
| |Na=
| |
| |Mg=
| |
| |Al=
| |
| |Si=
| |
| |P=
| |
| |S=
| |
| |Cl=
| |
| |Ar=
| |
| |K=
| |
| |Ca=
| |
| |Sc=
| |
| |Ti=
| |
| |V=
| |
| |Cr=
| |
| |Mn=
| |
| |Co=
| |
| |Fe=jará
| |
| |Ni=
| |
| |Cu=eir
| |
| |Zn=
| |
| |Ga=
| |
| |Ge=
| |
| |As=
| |
| |Se=
| |
| |Br=
| |
| |Kr=
| |
| |Rb=
| |
| |Sr=
| |
| |Y=
| |
| |Zr=
| |
| |Nb=
| |
| |Mo=
| |
| |Tc=
| |
| |Ru=
| |
| |Rh=
| |
| |Pd=
| |
| |Ag=arhát
| |
| |Cd=
| |
| |In=
| |
| |Sn=
| |
| |Sb=
| |
| |Te=
| |
| |I=
| |
| |Xe=
| |
| |Cs=
| |
| |Ba=
| |
| |La=
| |
| |Ce=
| |
| |Pr=
| |
| |Nd=
| |
| |Pm=
| |
| |Sm=
| |
| |Eu=
| |
| |Gd=
| |
| |Tb=
| |
| |Dy=
| |
| |Ho=
| |
| |Er=
| |
| |Tm=
| |
| |Yb=
| |
| |Lu=
| |
| |Hf=
| |
| |Ta=
| |
| |W=
| |
| |Re=
| |
| |Os=
| |
| |Ir=
| |
| |Pt=
| |
| |Au=hamet
| |
| |Hg=
| |
| |Tl=
| |
| |Pb=
| |
| |Bi=
| |
| |Po=
| |
| |At=
| |
| |Rn=
| |
| |Fr=
| |
| |Ra=
| |
| |Ac=
| |
| |Th=
| |
| |Pa=
| |
| |U=
| |
| |Np=
| |
| |Pu=
| |
| |Am=
| |
| |Cm=
| |
| |Bk=
| |
| |Cf=
| |
| |Es=
| |
| |Fm=
| |
| |Md=
| |
| |No=
| |
| |Lr=
| |
| |Rf=
| |
| |Db=
| |
| |Sg=
| |
| |Bh=
| |
| |Hs=
| |
| |Mt=
| |
| |Ds=
| |
| |Rg=
| |
| |Cn=
| |
| |Nh=
| |
| |Fl=
| |
| |Mc=
| |
| |Lv=
| |
| |Ts=
| |
| |Og=
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| ==Other resources==
| |
| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
| |
| | |
| <!-- Template area -->
| |
| | |
| | |
| [[Category:Anrish]]
| |
| [[Category:Languages]]
| |
| [[Category:Conlangs]]
| |
| [[Category:Germanic languages]]
| |
| [[Category:A posteriori]]
| |
| [[Category:Fusional languages]]
| |
| [[Category:Nominative-accusative languages]]
| |
| [[Category:Indo-European languages]] | |